肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：CAR Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Therapy: Biogenesis, Engineering Strategies and Antitumor Mechanisms.
涵盖 CAR T、CAR NK 和 CAR 巨噬细胞的嵌合抗原受体（CAR）细胞疗法在肿瘤治疗中展现出高疗效，可带来持久有效的缓解，尤其在血液系统恶性肿瘤中。
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）细胞疗法包括CAR-T、CAR-NK和CAR-巨噬细胞疗法，在肿瘤治疗中显示出较高疗效，可产生持久且有效的应答，尤其是在血液系统恶性肿瘤中。然而，CAR细胞制备仍面临挑战，治疗还伴有严重不良事件，特别是可能危及生命的细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）。由于外泌体具有独特性质，CAR细胞来源外泌体在癌症治疗中展现出独特优势。此类外泌体保留母细胞固有的肿瘤杀伤功能，同时具有来源广泛、安全且便于储存和运输等实际优势。此外，CAR细胞来源外泌体可与其他肿瘤疗法联用；这种联合策略可显著提高疗效并减少副作用。为加速CAR细胞来源外泌体在肿瘤治疗中的临床转化，本文综述其生物发生、工程化策略、抗肿瘤机制及临床证据，并介绍其与其他抗肿瘤治疗方式联合应用的案例。
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy, encompassing CAR T, CAR NK, and CAR macrophage cells, demonstrates high efficacy in tumor treatment, conferring durable and effective responses, notably in hematologic malignancies. However, challenges persist in the manufacture of CAR cells, and treatment is associated with serious adverse events, notably cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a potentially life-threatening complication. Owing to the inherent properties of exosomes, CAR cell-derived exosomes offer distinct advantages in cancer therapeutics. CAR cells-derived exosomes retain the inherent tumor-killing function of the parent cells while also exhibiting key practical advantages, including wide availability, safety, and ease of storage and transport. Furthermore, CAR cell-derived exosomes can be combined with other tumor therapies; this combinatorial approach significantly enhances efficacy while reducing side effects. To accelerate the clinical translation of CAR cell-derived exosomes in tumor therapy, this paper reviews their biogenesis, engineering strategies, antitumor mechanisms and clinical evidence, including case studies of combination therapies with other antitumor modalities.
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