肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Genetically engineered T cell and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.
Genetically engineered T cell and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.
近年来，血液肿瘤学取得了重大进展，尤其是通过开发 CAR-T 细胞和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法等创新免疫治疗手段。
近年来，血液肿瘤学取得显著进展，尤其是 CAR-T（CAR-T 细胞）和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法等创新免疫治疗方法的发展。这两种方法均利用患者自身免疫系统治疗癌症，但机制不同。CAR-T 细胞疗法是一种免疫治疗，需对患者自身 T 细胞进行基因改造。该疗法对血液系统 B 细胞肿瘤尤其有效，包括 B 急性淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）、B 细胞淋巴瘤以及多发性骨髓瘤。TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法则利用 T 细胞通过 TCR 天然识别肿瘤细胞相关抗原的能力。该方法从患者体内取出肿瘤组织并分离 TIL，再于体外扩增以增加其数量和活性。本综述讨论这些创新疗法的原理。两种疗法均代表个体化癌症治疗的重要进步，为癌症患者带来新的希望。
Haemato-oncology has made significant progress in recent years, particularly through the development of innovative immunotherapeutic approaches such as CAR T cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies. Both methods use the patient's own immune system to treat cancer, but in different ways. CAR T cell therapy is a form of immunotherapy in which the patient's own T cells are genetically modified. CAR T cell therapies have proven to be particularly effective in haematological B-cell neoplasms, such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and B-cell lymphomas, as well as in multiple myeloma. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, on the other hand, exploits the natural ability of T cells to recognise tumour-associated antigens of tumour cells with the T cell receptor. Tumour tissue is taken from the patient then tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are isolated from it. These tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are expanded ex vivo to increase their number and activity. This review discusses the principles of these innovative therapies. Both therapies represent significant advances in personalised cancer treatment and offer new hope for our cancer patients.
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