肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Targets for CAR Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM或浆细胞骨髓瘤）是一种异质性B细胞恶性肿瘤，通常表现出高复发率、耐药性以及肿瘤亚克隆的分子多样性。
多发性骨髓瘤（MM或浆细胞骨髓瘤）是一种异质性B细胞恶性肿瘤，通常表现出高复发率、耐药性以及肿瘤亚克隆的分子多样性。鉴于标准治疗方案疗效有限，以嵌合抗原受体（CAR）为特征的细胞免疫疗法在复发和难治性MM的治疗中已展现出切实的潜力。合理选择具有高选择性、稳定表达和生物学意义的肿瘤靶点，是CAR疗法成功实施的关键。本综述总结并分析了关于靶向BCMA、GPRC5D、FcRH5、SLAMF7、CD38、CD138、TACI、APRIL、CD19、TNFR2、CD44v6、CD70、NKG2D配体等的CAR细胞产品用于MM治疗的生物学特性、表达特征及临床开发阶段的文献数据。特别关注克服抗原逃逸的策略性方法，如多特异性CAR构建体、逻辑激活序列和可控安全系统。该分析强调，将靶点的分子选择与前沿生物工程解决方案相结合，是提高MM细胞疗法疗效、稳定性和安全性的关键趋势。
Multiple myeloma (MM or plasma cell myeloma) is a heterogenous B-cell malignant tumor that typically exhibits a high recurrence rate, resistance to drugs, and molecular diversity of tumor subclones. Given the limited efficacy of standard therapy options, cellular immunotherapy featuring a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has proven tangible potential in treatment for relapsed and refractory forms of MM. The rational choice of a tumor target which shows high selectivity, stable expression, and biological significance is key to the successful implementation of CAR therapy. This review has summarized and analyzed data from the literature on biological properties, the features of expression, and the clinical development stages of CAR cell products for MM treatment which target BCMA, GPRC5D, FcRH5, SLAMF7, CD38, CD138, TACI, APRIL, CD19, TNFR2, CD44v6, CD70, NKG2D ligands, etc. Special focus is on strategic approaches to overcoming antigenic escape, such as multi-specific CAR constructs, logical activation sequences, and controlled safety systems. The analysis underscores the need for integrating the molecular selection of targets with cutting-edge bioengineering solutions as a key trend for raising the efficacy, stability, and safety of cellular therapy in the case of MM.
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