肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：A new era of cancer immunotherapy: vaccines and miRNAs.
癌症免疫治疗改变了治疗格局，为对抗多种类型的癌症引入了新策略。
癌症免疫治疗改变了治疗格局，带来了对抗多种癌症的新策略。本综述考察疫苗在癌症治疗中的重要作用，重点介绍近期进展，包括树突状细胞疫苗、mRNA 疫苗和病毒载体疫苗。癌症与免疫系统之间的关系凸显了疫苗作为治疗工具的重要性。讨论涵盖肿瘤细胞疫苗和树突状细胞疫苗、蛋白质/肽疫苗及核酸疫苗（包括 DNA、RNA 或病毒载体疫苗），重点关注其疗效和作用机制。疫苗与免疫检查点抑制剂、TIL 疗法及 TCR/CAR-T 细胞疗法联合，显示出增强抗肿瘤应答的前景。此外，综述还探讨 microRNA（miRNA）在癌症发生和抑制中的调节作用，包括 miR-21、miR-155、let-7 家族和 miR-200 家族等。这些 miRNA 影响 PI3K/AKT、NF-κB 和 EMT 调控等多条通路，为基于生物标志物的治疗策略提供见解。总体而言，本文全面概述肿瘤学中的疫苗及 miRNA 的整合作用，为下一代癌症免疫疗法奠定基础。
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape, introducing new strategies to fight various types of cancer. This review examines the important role of vaccines in cancer therapy, focusing on recent advancements such as dendritic cell vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and viral vector-based approaches. The relationship between cancer and the immune system highlights the importance of vaccines as therapeutic tools. The discussion covers tumor cell and dendritic cell vaccines, protein/peptide vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines (including DNA, RNA, or viral vector-based), with a focus on their effectiveness and underlying mechanisms. Combination therapies that pair vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, TIL therapy, and TCR/CAR-T cell therapy show promising potential, boosting antitumor responses. Additionally, the review explores the regulatory functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development and suppression, featuring miR-21, miR-155, the let-7 family, and the miR-200 family, among others. These miRNAs influence various pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, NF- B, and EMT regulation, providing insights into biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies. Overall, this work offers a thorough overview of vaccines in oncology and the integrative role of miRNAs, setting the stage for the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.
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