肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Cancer Vaccines: A Novel Revolutionized Approach to Cancer Therapy.
在过去的几十年里，肿瘤免疫治疗领域取得了显著进展。
在过去的几十年里，肿瘤免疫治疗领域取得了显著进展。多年来，针对传染病的疫苗接种已经可用。另一方面，获批用于人类的癌症疫苗却很少。理想的癌症疫苗是生物反应调节剂，通过刺激体液免疫和细胞免疫，同时克服肿瘤中的免疫抑制来发挥作用。两种类型的癌症疫苗：预防性和治疗性癌症疫苗被推荐用于个体的临床使用。HPV和HBV疫苗是两种广泛使用的预防性疫苗，分别用于治疗宫颈癌和肝细胞癌，并已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。在治疗性疫苗中，只有三种获得批准：Sipuleucel T细胞疫苗用于治疗难治性前列腺癌，BCG疫苗用于早期膀胱癌，T-VEC用于不可手术的黑色素瘤。所有癌症疫苗的活性成分是抗原。用于配制癌症疫苗的抗原与佐剂一起优化了其免疫原性。癌症类型内部和之间的异质性、筛选和鉴定适合肿瘤的特定抗原以及选择疫苗递送平台是疫苗开发中的挑战。过继细胞疗法、CAR-T 细胞疗法是癌症治疗的最新突破。
Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in the field of tumor immunotherapy. For many years vaccination against infectious diseases have been available. On the other hand very few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. Ideal Cancer vaccines are biological response modifier work by stimulating both humoral and cellular immunity while overcoming the immunological suppression found in tumor. Two types of cancer vaccine: Prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines are recommended for clinical use of individuals. HPV and HBV vaccines are the two widely used preventive vaccine used for treatment of cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively and are approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In therapeutic vaccine only three are approved: Sipuleucel T-cell vaccine for treatment refractory prostatic cancer, BCG vaccine for early bladder cancer and T-VEC for inoperable melanoma. Active ingredient in all cancer vaccines is an antigen. Antigens used for formulating cancer vaccines along with adjuvants optimizes immunogenicity in it. Heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identifying suitable antigen specific to tumors and selection of vaccine delivery platforms are challenges in the development of vaccines. Adoptive cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy are recent breakthrough for cancer treatment.
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