肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Colorectal Cancer: Risk Factors, Novel Approaches in Molecular Screening and Treatment.
到 2040 年，结直肠癌的疾病负担将增至每年 320 万新发病例和每年 160 万死亡病例。
到 2040 年，结直肠癌负担预计将升至每年 320 万新发病例和 160 万死亡病例，凸显改进预防和治疗策略的重要性。本文简要综述结直肠癌最新治疗和诊断方法。2019 年，乳制品摄入量低、吸烟、钙摄入不足和饮酒等因素对全球结直肠癌伤残调整生命年（DALY）产生显著影响。研究者于 2023 年 12 月在 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中进行全面检索，检索词涉及药物、治疗药物、结直肠癌、诊断方法、流行病学及新型治疗方案。最初依据标题、摘要和发表日期确定 325 篇文章；去除重复后纳入 170 篇独立文章。尼妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗等药物靶向表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），EGFR 可被 EGF 激活。曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗等药物针对配体激活的 HER2。涉及 T 细胞的 PD-1/PD-L1 和 CTLA-4 免疫检查点通路可由伊匹木单抗等药物靶向。过继细胞疗法，包括 CAR-T 细胞疗法、TCR 改造以及通过TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）增强 T 细胞活性，可用于对抗癌细胞生长。在医学进展方面，过继细胞转移（ACT）和肿瘤免疫微环境（TME）中的外泌体是增强免疫系统的显著治疗方法。HIF1A-AS1、CRNDE-h、NEAT1、ZFAS1、GAS5 以及 IGFBP-2 均显示显著的 CRC 诊断能力。与 HIF1A-AS1 低表达 CRC 患者相比，高表达患者的 5 年生存率较差。
By 2040 the burden of colorectal cancer will increase to 3.2 million new cases per year and 1.6 million deaths per year. This highlights the importance of improving preventive measures and treatment strategies. This piece concisely overviews the latest therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for colorectal cancer. In 2019, factors such as low milk intake, smoking, insufficient calcium consumption, and alcohol use had a significant impact on colorectal cancer DALYs worldwide. A comprehensive search was conducted in December 2023 using keywords related to drugs, therapeutic agents, colorectal cancer, diagnostic methods, epidemiology, and novel therapeutic approaches in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Initially, 325 articles were identified based on titles, abstracts, and publication dates. After removing duplicates, 170 unique articles were included. Medications like Nimotuzumab, Cetuximab, and Panitumumab target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which EGF activates. HER2, activated by ligands, is the focus of drugs like Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. The PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways, as the immune checkpoints, which involve T cells, are targeted by medications like Ipilimumab. Adoptive cell therapy, including CAR-T cell therapy, TCR modification, and enhancing T cell activity through tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is used to combat cancer cell growth. In medical advancements, adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT) and exosomes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) are notable treatment methods that boost the immune system. HIF1A-AS1, CRNDE-h, NEAT1, ZFAS1, and GAS5, along with IGFBP-2, have demonstrated significant CRC diagnostic capacity. Compared to CRC patients with low HIF1A-AS1 expression, individuals with high expression levels were linked to a worse 5-year survival rate.
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