肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：T lymphocyte-based immune response and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on TILs and CAR-T cells.
T lymphocyte-based immune response and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on TILs and CAR-T cells.
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肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。HCC 的主要治疗包括肝移植、肝肿瘤切除、射频消融和分子靶向药物。HCC 预后不佳，治疗研究中药物应答有限。肿瘤免疫微环境（TME）对 HCC 施加显著选择压力，促使其演化并在多种治疗后复发。作为TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）的主要细胞成分，T 细胞在 HCC 中既可抗肿瘤，也可促肿瘤。T 细胞介导的免疫应答对于癌症监视和清除至关重要。TIL 被认为在 HCC 进展、预后和免疫治疗管理中发挥关键作用。研究最广泛的 TIL 亚型包括 Foxp3⁺、CD8⁺、CD3⁺ 和 CD4⁺ T 细胞。本文考察多种 TIL 亚型在 HCC 中的功能和作用过程。包括 TIL 疗法和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞疗法在内的新兴 T 细胞疗法，已在若干临床前和临床研究中显示肿瘤消退。本文还探讨当前 HCC 的 T 细胞免疫疗法，重点关注 TIL 和 CAR-T 细胞。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The primary therapies for HCC are liver transplantation, hepatic tumor excision, radiofrequency ablation, and molecular-targeted medicines. An unfavorable prognosis marks HCC and has limited pharmacological response in therapeutic studies. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) imposes significant selection pressure on HCC, resulting in its evolution and recurrence after various treatments. As the principal cellular constituents of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cells have shown both anti-tumor and protumor actions in HCC. T cell-mediated immune responses are pivotal in cancer monitoring and elimination. TILs are recognized for their critical involvement in the progression, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic management of HCC. Foxp3 + , CD8 + , CD3 + , and CD4 + T cells are the extensively researched subtypes of TILs. This article examines the functions and processes of several subtypes of TILs in HCC. Emerging T cell-based therapies, including TILs and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, have shown tumor regression in several clinical and preclinical studies. Herein, it also delves into the existing T cell-based immunotherapies in HCC, with emphasis on TILs and CAR-T cells.
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