肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：A literature review of recent advances in gastric cancer treatment: exploring the cross-talk between targeted therapies.
免疫治疗通过改善生存期和生活质量，正在重塑胃癌的管理格局。持续的研究和临床评估对于优化个性化及有效治疗方案至关重要。
胃癌（GC）在全球死亡率中排名第四，患病率排名第五，使其成为全球最常见的癌症之一。近期临床研究强调了免疫疗法作为治疗胃癌的一种有前景的方法的潜力。本研究旨在阐明胃癌免疫治疗中最具影响力的治疗策略，突出既定的和新兴的方法。主体：本综述审视了全球进行的超过160项临床研究，重点关注各种免疫治疗方式的有效性，包括癌症疫苗、过继性细胞疗法、免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）和单克隆抗体（mAbs）。通过Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus等数据库进行了全面的同行评审文献检索。选择标准包括主要在过去10年内发表的同行评审文章，重点关注提供靶向治疗及其作用机制、临床疗效和安全性概况见解的研究。研究结果表明，这些免疫治疗策略可以增强胃癌的治疗效果，与当前治疗指南相符。ICIs如帕博利珠单抗和纳武利尤单抗在特定胃癌亚组中显示出显著的生存获益。癌症疫苗和CAR-T细胞疗法显示出潜力，而靶向HER2和VEGFR通路的单克隆抗体在联合方案中增强了治疗效果。我们讨论了胃癌靶向治疗和免疫治疗的最新进展与挑战。鉴于该领域的不断演变，本研究强调基于证据的重要疗法及目前正在评估中的疗法，而非提供详尽的概述。挑战包括耐药机制、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境以及联合疗法结果的不一致性。基于生物标志物的策略及对CAR-T细胞和癌症疫苗等新兴疗法的进一步研究，对于优化治疗至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth in global mortality rates and fifth in prevalence, making it one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recent clinical studies have highlighted the potential of immunotherapies as a promising approach to treating GC. This study aims to shed light on the most impactful therapeutic strategies in the context of GC immunotherapy, highlighting both established and emerging approaches. MAIN BODY: This review examines over 160 clinical studies conducted globally, focusing on the effectiveness of various immunotherapy modalities, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature was performed using databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The selection criteria included peer-reviewed articles published primarily within the last 10 years, with a focus on studies that provided insights into targeted therapies and their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. The findings indicate that these immunotherapy strategies can enhance treatment outcomes for GC, aligning with current treatment guidelines. ICIs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have shown significant survival benefits in specific GC subgroups. Cancer vaccines and CAR-T cell therapies demonstrate potential, while mAbs targeting HER2 and VEGFR pathways enhance outcomes in combination regimens. We discuss the latest advancements and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for GC. Given the evolving nature of this field, this research emphasizes significant evidence-based therapies and those currently under evaluation rather than providing an exhaustive overview. Challenges include resistance mechanisms, immunosuppressive tumor environments, and inconsistent results from combination therapies. Biomarker-driven approaches and further research into emerging modalities like CAR-T cells and cancer vaccines are critical for optimizing treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy is reshaping GC management by improving survival and quality of life. Ongoing research and clinical evaluations are crucial for refining personalized and effective therapies.
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