肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Current Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Myeloma.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种血液系统恶性肿瘤，由骨髓和/或髓外部位产生免疫球蛋白的浆细胞克隆性扩增所致。
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种血液系统恶性肿瘤，由骨髓和/或髓外部位中产生免疫球蛋白的浆细胞克隆性扩增所致。MM 常见临床表现包括贫血、肾功能障碍、感染、骨痛、高钙血症和疲劳。尽管近年来 MM 治疗模式取得诸多进展，现有疗法长期疗效仍有限，疾病最终复发仍极为常见。骨髓瘤细胞常通过克隆演化和细胞信号通路改变产生耐药。因此，持续研究 MM 新靶点至关重要，有助于避免累积性药物耐药、克服限制治疗的毒性，并改善这一不可治愈疾病的结局。本文按分子靶点分类，全面综述 MM 新型治疗方法和新兴疗法，包括 BCMA、GPRC5D、FcRH5、CD38、SLAMF7、BCL-2、驱动蛋白纺锤体蛋白、蛋白质二硫键异构酶 1、肽基脯氨酰异构酶 A、Sec61 转位子及细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 6。此外，本文还介绍免疫调节药物、NK 细胞疗法和靶向蛋白降解嵌合体。
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites. Common manifestations of MM include anemia, renal dysfunction, infection, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and fatigue. Despite numerous recent advancements in the MM treatment paradigm, current therapies demonstrate limited long-term effectiveness and eventual disease relapse remains exceedingly common. Myeloma cells often develop drug resistance through clonal evolution and alterations of cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, continued research of new targets in MM is crucial to circumvent cumulative drug resistance, overcome treatment-limiting toxicities, and improve outcomes in this incurable disease. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the landscape of novel treatments and emerging therapies for MM grouped by molecular target. Molecular targets outlined include BCMA, GPRC5D, FcRH5, CD38, SLAMF7, BCL-2, kinesin spindle protein, protein disulfide isomerase 1, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, Sec61 translocon, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6. Immunomodulatory drugs, NK cell therapy, and proteolysis-targeting chimera are described as well.
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