肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospectives.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球主要的健康问题，治疗方案有限，预后较差。
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球主要的健康问题，治疗选择有限且预后较差。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）等免疫疗法在HCC的系统治疗中取得了巨大进展。基于ICIs的联合治疗已成为该领域的主要趋势。近期，度伐利尤单抗联合替西木单抗的双免疫检查点阻断也已成为晚期HCC的有效治疗方法。然而，大多数HCC患者获得的获益有限。理解免疫学原理并探索提高免疫治疗疗效的新方法已引起广泛关注。在本综述中，我们总结了该领域的最新进展、正在进行的基于免疫的联合治疗临床试验，以及新型免疫治疗策略，如CAR-T 细胞、个性化新抗原疫苗、溶瘤病毒和双特异性抗体。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great progress in the systemic treatment of HCC. The combination treatments based on ICIs have been the major trend in this area. Recently, dual immune checkpoint blockade with durvalumab plus tremelimumab has also emerged as an effective treatment for advanced HCC. However, the majority of HCC patients obtain limited benefits. Understanding the immunological rationale and exploring novel ways to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy has drawn much attention. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in this area, the ongoing clinical trials of immune-based combination therapies, as well as novel immunotherapy strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, personalized neoantigen vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and bispecific antibodies.
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