肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Adoptive T cell therapy for solid tumors: current landscape and future challenges.
过继性细胞疗法（ACT）包括多种增强T淋巴细胞和其他效应细胞活性的策略，这些细胞协调抗肿瘤免疫反应，包括嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法、T细胞受体（TCR）基因修饰T细胞以及TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法。
过继细胞治疗（ACT）包括多种增强T淋巴细胞及其他效应细胞活性的策略，以协调抗肿瘤免疫应答；其中包括嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞治疗、T细胞受体（TCR）基因修饰T细胞以及TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）治疗。CAR-T细胞治疗某些血液系统恶性肿瘤取得卓越疗效后，研究者开始在难治性实体瘤患者中探索ACT。然而，实体瘤抗原异质性和免疫抑制性微环境等特征会削弱抗原靶向治疗的疗效。其他ACT形式，如TIL治疗，已成为有前景的新策略。TIL治疗在某些具有免疫原性的癌症，尤其是晚期黑色素瘤中显示出良好的安全性和活性，与免疫检查点抑制剂联合使用也有令人鼓舞的理论依据。不过，TIL治疗在临床实践中的实施仍受到多方面生物学、流程和经济挑战的阻碍。本文旨在总结实体瘤患者T细胞治疗的当前认识、已有临床结果及未来潜在研究方向。
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) comprises different strategies to enhance the activity of T lymphocytes and other effector cells that orchestrate the antitumor immune response, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-modified T cells, and therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The outstanding results of CAR-T cells in some hematologic malignancies have launched the investigation of ACT in patients with refractory solid malignancies. However, certain characteristics of solid tumors, such as their antigenic heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment, hamper the efficacy of antigen-targeted treatments. Other ACT modalities, such as TIL therapy, have emerged as promising new strategies. TIL therapy has shown safety and promising activity in certain immunogenic cancers, mainly advanced melanoma, with an exciting rationale for its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the implementation of TIL therapy in clinical practice is hindered by several biological, logistic, and economic challenges. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge, available clinical results, and potential areas of future research regarding the use of T cell therapy in patients with solid tumors.
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