肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Gamma delta T cells in acute myeloid leukemia: biology and emerging therapeutic strategies.
γδ T 细胞在急性髓系白血病（AML）的疾病控制中发挥重要作用，并已成为一个新兴的治疗关注领域。
γδ T 细胞在急性髓系白血病（AML）的疾病控制中发挥重要作用，并已成为一个新兴的治疗关注领域。这些细胞是 T 淋巴细胞中的一个少数群体，具有以不依赖主要组织相容性复合体的方式识别抗原的内在能力，并在功能上横跨固有免疫和适应性免疫的界面。AML 高表达磷酸抗原和 UL-16 结合蛋白，分别激活 γδ T 细胞的 Vδ2 和 Vδ1 亚型，从而导致 γδ T 细胞介导的细胞毒性。来自小鼠模型的见解和人类临床数据表明，在接受异基因造血干细胞移植后 γδ T 细胞重建较高的 AML 患者中，总生存期改善、无白血病生存期延长、复发风险降低、移植物抗白血病效应增强以及移植物抗宿主病减少。利用 γδ T 细胞生物学的临床试验使用了未修饰和修饰的异基因细胞以及双特异性衔接分子和单克隆抗体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论 γδ T 细胞的生物学、在癌症和 AML 中的作用，以及免疫逃逸和抗白血病效应的机制；我们还讨论 γδ T 细胞在 AML 治疗领域的最新临床进展。
γδ T cells play an important role in disease control in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have become an emerging area of therapeutic interest. These cells represent a minor population of T lymphocytes with intrinsic abilities to recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and functionally straddle the innate and adaptive immunity interface. AML shows high expression of phosphoantigens and UL-16 binding proteins that activate the Vδ2 and Vδ1 subtypes of γδ T cells, respectively, leading to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Insights from murine models and clinical data in humans show improved overall survival, leukemia-free survival, reduced risk of relapse, enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effect, and decreased graft-versus-host disease in patients with AML who have higher reconstitution of γδ T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical trials leveraging γδ T cell biology have used unmodified and modified allogeneic cells as well as bispecific engagers and monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we discuss γδ T cells' biology, roles in cancer and AML, and mechanisms of immune escape and antileukemia effect; we also discuss recent clinical advances related to γδ T cells in the field of AML therapeutics.
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