肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Oncolytic viruses improve cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming solid tumor microenvironment.
使用免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞疗法的免疫治疗已在多种人类肿瘤中取得良好结果，尤其是血液系统恶性肿瘤。
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法等免疫疗法在多种人类肿瘤，尤其是血液系统恶性肿瘤中取得成功。然而，其治疗实体瘤的临床结果仍较差，未达预期。免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）发挥重要作用，可干扰T细胞浸润肿瘤、促进效应T细胞耗竭、上调抑制性分子并诱导缺氧等。溶瘤病毒是一种有前景的生物载体，可采用天然或基因工程化平台，以靶向方式诱导溶瘤。溶瘤病毒疗法（OV）有助于重塑TME，从而与现有ICI和CAR-T细胞疗法产生协同作用，克服实体瘤的耐药屏障。本文总结影响ICI和CAR-T治疗结局的TME相关抑制因素，并讨论基于OV的策略减轻这些障碍、改善晚期实体瘤未来治疗的潜力。
Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have achieved successful results against several types of human tumors, particularly hematological malignancies. However, their clinical results for the treatment of solid tumors remain poor and unsatisfactory. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role by interfering with intratumoral T-cell infiltration, promoting effector T-cell exhaustion, upregulating inhibitory molecules, inducing hypoxia, and so on. Oncolytic viruses are an encouraging biocarrier that could be used in both natural and genetically engineered platforms to induce oncolysis in a targeted manner. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) contributes to the reprogramming of the TME, thus synergizing the functional effects of current ICIs and CAR T-cell therapy to overcome resistant barriers in solid tumors. Here, we summarize the TME-related inhibitory factors affecting the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs and CAR T cells and discuss the potential of OV-based approaches to alleviate these barriers and improve future therapies for advanced solid tumors.
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