肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Can Immune Therapy Cure Acute Myeloid Leukemia?
Can Immune Therapy Cure Acute Myeloid Leukemia?
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尽管已在多种癌症中开发出安全有效的免疫疗法，但在急性髓系白血病（AML）中并非如此。
虽然多种癌症已开发出安全有效的免疫疗法，但急性髓系白血病（AML）尚未取得类似进展。抗CD33、CD123和CLL-1抗体研究显示疗效不理想且不良事件显著。由于缺乏AML特异性靶抗原，使用非特异性抗原靶点的此类方法常导致无法接受的骨髓毒性和脱靶不良事件。免疫缺陷人群AML发病率研究提示，免疫系统对AML几乎没有免疫监视。相比之下，造血细胞移植受者的数据支持存在有效的异基因抗AML效应，该效应与移植物抗宿主病（GvHD）有关，且可能伴有特异性移植物抗白血病（GvL）效应。AML免疫治疗的一个特殊问题是，与实体瘤相比，其新抗原较少，这与突变频率相对较低有关。CAR-T、CAR-NK、接头型CAR-T 和异基因NK细胞研究正在推进，合成生物学策略也在探索。目前尚无令人信服的数据证明免疫疗法对AML有效。
Although safe and effective immune therapies have been developed in several cancers, this has not been so in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Studies of antibodies to CD33, CD123 and CLL-1 report with unconvincing efficacy and substantial adverse events. Lacking AML-specific target antigens, these approaches using non-specific antigen targets often cause unacceptable bone marrow toxicity and off-target adverse events. Studies of AML incidence in persons with immune deficiency indicate little if any immune surveillance against AML. In contrast, data studies of recipients of haematopoietic cell transplants support an effective allogeneic anti-AML effect associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and possibly a specific graft-versus-leukaemia (GvL) effect. A special problem in the immune therapy of AML is few neo-antigens compared with solid cancers because of a relatively low mutation frequency. Studies of CAR-T-, CAR-NK-adaptor CAR-T- and allogeneic NK-cells are progressing as are approaches using synthetic biology. Presently, there are no convincing data of efficacy of immune therapy in AML.
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