肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent advances and future targets.
Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent advances and future targets.
然而，目前的治疗方案成功率仍然很低，约为 30%。
免疫疗法是治疗包括肝细胞癌（HCC）在内多种癌症的一种有前景的方法。单一免疫治疗药物仅对少数患者疗效有限，而抗PD-L1药物atezolizumab联合抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物bevacizumab作为一线治疗，与sorafenib相比显著改善生存。然而，目前治疗总体成功率仍约为30%，因此亟需更有效的HCC疗法。多种新型免疫疗法正在HCC临床试验中测试，包括新型免疫检查点抑制剂、创新细胞疗法〔如CAR-T 细胞、TCR基因修饰T细胞和干细胞疗法〕及联合治疗策略。但仍存在若干关键问题，如实体瘤抗原异质性、肿瘤内免疫抑制环境、靶上非肿瘤毒性风险、CAR-T细胞浸润、免疫抑制性检查点分子和细胞因子等。总体而言，免疫疗法即将迎来HCC治疗领域的重要进展。
Immunotherapy is a promising approach to treating various types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While single immunotherapy drugs show limited effectiveness on a small subset of patients, the combination of the anti PD-L1 atezolizumab and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor bevacizumab has shown significant improvement in survival compared to sorafenib as a first-line treatment. However, the current treatment options still have a low success rate of about 30%. Thus, more effective treatments for HCC are urgently required. Several novel immunotherapeutic methods, including the use of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, innovative immune cell therapies like chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), TCR gene-modified T cells and stem cells, as well as combination strategies are being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of HCC. However, some crucial issues still exist such as the presence of heterogeneous antigens in solid tumors, the immune-suppressive environment within tumors, the risk of on-target/off-tumor, infiltrating CAR-T cells, immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules, and cytokines. Overall, immunotherapy is on the brink of major advancements in the fight against HCC.
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