肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Adoptive cellular immunotherapy for solid neoplasms beyond CAR-T.
近几十年来，免疫检查点阻断和CAR-T 细胞疗法是临床免疫治疗的两项里程碑式成就。
近几十年来，免疫检查点阻断和CAR-T 细胞疗法是临床免疫治疗的两项里程碑成就。然而，两者治疗多数实体瘤的疗效有限，因此有必要探索新的免疫治疗方式。CAR-T和免疫检查点阻断治疗若干实体瘤失败，涉及多种因素，包括肿瘤细胞抗原性低、效应T细胞浸润不足，以及肿瘤微环境中多种免疫抑制机制。针对实体瘤的新型过继细胞疗法已开始尝试，包括TCR-T、CARNK 细胞（CAR-NK）和CAR巨噬细胞（CAR-M）。与CAR-T相比，这些新型过继细胞疗法治疗实体瘤具有一定优势。本综述总结过继细胞疗法40年来的发展，随后聚焦TCR-T、CAR-NK和CAR-M用于实体瘤的进展，并讨论其潜在临床应用。
In recent decades, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are two milestone achievements in clinical immunotherapy. However, both show limited efficacies in most solid neoplasms, which necessitates the exploration of new immunotherapeutic modalities. The failure of CAR-T and immune checkpoint blockade in several solid neoplasms is attributed to multiple factors, including low antigenicity of tumor cells, low infiltration of effector T cells, and diverse mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. New adoptive cell therapies have been attempted for solid neoplasms, including TCR-T, CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK), and CAR-macrophages (CAR-M). Compared to CAR-T, these new adoptive cell therapies have certain advantages in treating solid neoplasms. In this review, we summarized the 40-year evolution of adoptive cell therapies, then focused on the advances of TCR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M in solid neoplasms and discussed their potential clinical applications.
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