肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Optogenetic technologies in translational cancer research.
基因和细胞疗法被广泛认为是未来的癌症治疗手段，但可控性差限制了其临床应用。
基因和细胞疗法被广泛视为未来癌症治疗手段，但可控性较差限制了其临床应用。光遗传学利用光控蛋白精确调节基因和细胞的时空活性，为癌症治疗开辟了新途径。特定波长的光可非侵入性地激活免疫反应和溶瘤活性，并调节肿瘤细胞信号传导；这种作用可定量控制、局限于组织，且不会引发传统疗法的副作用。本文综述光遗传学在癌症研究中的应用、临床潜力及纳入癌症治疗所面临的挑战。我们重点讨论光遗传技术与治疗性纳米抗体、T 细胞活化和 CAR-T 细胞疗法、基因组编辑工具及溶瘤病毒联合应用的优势，并考察用于递送光遗传载荷及激活肿瘤靶区光照的病毒载体和纳米颗粒。最后，我们强调将光遗传学整合到免疫疗法中的前景：作为癌症治疗的新方法，它具有快速、可逆和安全等特点。
Gene and cell therapies are widely recognized as future cancer therapeutics but poor controllability limits their clinical applications. Optogenetics, the use of light-controlled proteins to precisely spatiotemporally regulate the activity of genes and cells, opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. Light of specific wavelength can activate the immune response, oncolytic activity and modulate cell signaling in tumor cells non-invasively, in dosed manner, with tissue confined action and without side effects of conventional therapies. Here, we review optogenetic approaches in cancer research, their clinical potential and challenges of incorporating optogenetics in cancer therapy. We critically discuss beneficial combinations of optogenetic technologies with therapeutic nanobodies, T-cell activation and CAR-T cell approaches, genome editors and oncolytic viruses. We consider viral vectors and nanoparticles for delivering optogenetic payloads and activating light to tumors. Finally, we highlight herein the prospects for integrating optogenetics into immunotherapy as a novel, fast, reversible and safe approach to cancer treatment.
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