肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：An Insight into the Novel Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma.
肝细胞癌（HCC）和胆管癌（CCA）构成原发性肝癌中高度恶性的类型。
肝细胞癌（HCC）和胆管癌（CCA）是恶性程度较高的原发性肝癌。肝细胞及胆管癌变是一个复杂过程，可由多种遗传和表观遗传改变、环境因素以及肠道微生物组共同驱动；过去几年，肠道微生物组的作用受到低估。对上述恶性肿瘤的分子和免疫学分析，以及对肠道微生物在肝脏和胆道疾病发生中关键作用的认识，开拓了免疫疗法等新治疗策略，并提高了癌症患者的总生存期。临床应用或处于临床前研究阶段的免疫治疗策略包括单克隆抗体、免疫检查点阻断、癌症疫苗、溶瘤病毒载体，以及嵌合抗原受体工程化 T（CAR-T）细胞疗法。本文综述上述原发性肝癌的近期治疗方式，以及增强和优化抗肿瘤免疫的方法。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) constitute highly malignant forms of primary liver cancers. Hepatocellular and bile duct carcinogenesis is a multiplex process, caused by various genetic and epigenetic alterations, the influence of environmental factors, as well as the implication of the gut microbiome, which was undervalued in the previous years. The molecular and immunological analysis of the above malignancies, as well as the identification of the crucial role of intestinal microbiota for hepatic and biliary pathogenesis, opened the horizon for novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy, and enhanced the overall survival of cancer patients. Some of the immunotherapy strategies that are either clinically applied or under pre-clinical studies include monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, as well as the utilization of oncolytic viral vectors and Chimeric antigen, receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy. In this current review, we will shed light on the recent therapeutic modalities for the above primary liver cancers, as well as on the methods for the enhancement and optimization of anti-tumor immunity.
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