肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives.
异常糖基化是癌症的一个标志，并可能导致影响肿瘤行为的变化。
异常糖基化是癌症的标志之一，可引起影响肿瘤行为的改变。聚糖可作为开发新型临床生物标志物的来源，也为治疗干预提供一系列特异性靶点。不同机制导致的异常糖基化会形成肿瘤相关糖类抗原（TACA），可用于选择性靶向癌症治疗。目前表征最充分的TACA包括截短型O-聚糖（Tn、TF和唾液酸化Tn抗原）、神经节苷脂（GD2、GD3、GM2、GM3、岩藻糖基-GM1）、globo系列聚糖（Globo-H、SSEA-3、SSEA-4）、Lewis抗原和多聚唾液酸。本文分析靶向TACA的癌症免疫治疗策略，包括不同抗体的开发、疫苗制备和CAR-T细胞生成。一些策略已获准临床应用，例如抗GD2抗体。此外，针对不同TACA的抗肿瘤机制，本文介绍部分临床试验结果，并考察近期癌症控制技术进展所开辟的新方向。
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
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