肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Promising Immunotherapeutic Modalities for B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders.
在过去几年中，许多B细胞淋巴瘤亚型和慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）的治疗原则已转向更靶向的治疗。
在过去几年中，许多B细胞淋巴瘤亚型和慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）的治疗原则已转向更靶向的治疗。免疫治疗手段，即单克隆抗体（mAbs）、双特异性抗体（bsAbs）、抗体药物偶联物（ADCs）和CAR-T（CAR-T）细胞疗法，通常使用B细胞相关抗原（CD19、CD20、CD22和CD79b）作为其靶点之一。T细胞衔接器（TCEs）是bsAbs的一个亚类，其作用机制与CAR-T细胞疗法相似，但无需预先对T细胞进行操作。目前，几种抗CD20xCD3 TCEs已在不同淋巴瘤亚型中显示出有前景的疗效，在惰性亚型中结果略好。抗CD19xCD3 TCEs也正在开发中，但迄今只有blinatumomab在临床试验中进行了评估。其结果不如抗CD19 CAR-T细胞疗法那样令人印象深刻。靶向不同B细胞抗原（CD30、CD79b、CD19）的抗体药物偶联物似乎与mAbs、标准化疗免疫疗法或免疫检查点抑制剂联合使用时有效。进一步的研究将揭示免疫疗法单独或联合方案是否有潜力将化疗药物从一线治疗中取代。
Over the last few years, treatment principles have been changed towards more targeted therapy for many B-cell lymphoma subtypes and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Immunotherapeutic modalities, namely monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, commonly use B-cell-associated antigens (CD19, CD20, CD22, and CD79b) as one of their targets. T-cell engagers (TCEs), a subclass of bsAbs, work on a similar mechanism as CAR-T cell therapy without the need of previous T-cell manipulation. Currently, several anti-CD20xCD3 TCEs have demonstrated promising efficacy across different lymphoma subtypes with slightly better outcomes in the indolent subset. Anti-CD19xCD3 TCEs are being developed as well but only blinatumomab has been evaluated in clinical trials yet. The results are not so impressive as those with anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting different B-cell antigens (CD30, CD79b, CD19) seem to be effective in combination with mAbs, standard chemoimmunotherapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further investigation will show whether immunotherapy alone or in combinatory regimens has potential to replace chemotherapeutic agents from the first line treatment.
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