肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets.
Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets.
癌症免疫治疗是一个快速发展的概念，被称为癌症治疗的「第五大支柱」，而放疗、化疗、手术和靶向治疗仍是另外四大支柱。
癌症免疫疗法发展迅速，被誉为癌症治疗的“第五支柱”，其余四大支柱为放疗、化疗、手术和靶向治疗。免疫疗法通过刺激免疫系统控制肿瘤生长，特异性攻击肿瘤细胞而非正常细胞。传统化疗有诸多局限，包括耐药、癌症复发和严重不良反应。免疫学进展已推动结直肠癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、肾癌、胃癌及急性淋巴细胞白血病等多种癌症治疗取得重大突破。目前利用免疫系统的治疗策略包括免疫检查点抑制剂、CAR-T 细胞（CAR T）、单克隆抗体、癌症疫苗、细胞因子、放射免疫治疗和溶瘤病毒治疗。对多种肿瘤抗原（TA）的分子特征分析表明，它们有望成为癌症免疫疗法的候选靶点。本文综述新兴癌症免疫疗法的不同类别，以及肿瘤微环境中可被免疫系统识别的相关肿瘤抗原。
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving concept that has been given the tag "fifth pillar" of cancer therapy while radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy remain the other four pillars. This involves the stimulation of the immune system to control tumor growth and it specifically targets the neoplastic cells rather than the normal cells. Conventional chemotherapy has many limitations which include drug resistance, recurrence of cancer and severe adverse effects. Immunology has made major treatment breakthroughs for several cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia etc. Currently, therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system involve Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer vaccines, Cytokines, Radio-immunotherapy and Oncolytic virus therapy. The molecular characterization of several tumor antigens (TA) indicates that these TA can be utilized as promising candidates in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Here in this review, we highlight and summarize the different categories of emerging cancer immunotherapies along with the immunologically recognized tumor antigens involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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