肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Targeted and immuno-based therapies in sarcoma: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials.
肉瘤是一组独特的罕见恶性肿瘤，具有高度异质性。
肉瘤是一组独特的罕见恶性肿瘤，具有高度异质性。尽管有标准治疗，但转移性或局部晚期肉瘤的临床有效选择仍然有限。近年来，根据个体肉瘤的分子和遗传表型进行靶向治疗是一种有前景的选择。在这些药物中，抗血管生成治疗在肉瘤中取得了良好的疗效。针对 cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6、poly-ADP-ribose polymerase、insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor、mTOR、NTRK 的抑制剂，以及代谢和表观遗传药物，正在对携带相应信号的肉瘤进行临床评估。免疫治疗是晚期实体瘤中一种有前景且效果良好的方法。然而，大多数肉瘤是免疫“冷”肿瘤，只有腺泡状软组织肉瘤和未分化多形性肉瘤对免疫检查点抑制剂有反应。采用 TCR-engineered T cells、chimeric antigen receptor T cells、tumor infiltrating lymphocytes 和 nature killer cells 转移的细胞疗法显示出治疗潜力。识别肿瘤特异性抗原并探索影响这些免疫疗法疗效的免疫调节因素，是当前的挑战。本综述聚焦于肉瘤中靶向治疗和免疫治疗的机制、进展及潜在策略。
Sarcomas represent a distinct group of rare malignant tumors with high heterogeneity. Limited options with clinical efficacy for the metastatic or local advanced sarcoma existed despite standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy according to the molecular and genetic phenotype of individual sarcoma is a promising option. Among these drugs, anti-angiogenesis therapy achieved favorable efficacy in sarcomas. Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, mTOR, NTRK, metabolisms, and epigenetic drugs are under clinical evaluation for sarcomas bearing the corresponding signals. Immunotherapy represents a promising and favorable method in advanced solid tumors. However, most sarcomas are immune "cold" tumors, with only alveolar soft part sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cellular therapies with TCR-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and nature killer cells transfer show therapeutic potential. Identifying tumor-specific antigens and exploring immune modulation factors arguing the efficacy of these immunotherapies are the current challenges. This review focuses on the mechanisms, advances, and potential strategies of targeted and immune-based therapies in sarcomas.
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