决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:CD19.20.22 CAR T-cells for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphomas
这是一项 I 期注册临床试验,评估 CD19CAR-T 细胞治疗 B 细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤、大 B 细胞淋巴瘤的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:邀请入组。计划入组 15 例。试验地点:美国 · 巴尔的摩(共 1 个中心)。登记号:NCT07168486。
不限性别 · ≥ 18 Years
纳入标准: * 年龄 ≥ 18 岁 * 组织学确诊的复发/难治性 B 细胞淋巴瘤。允许的组织学类型:弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、原发性纵隔大 B 细胞淋巴瘤(PMBCL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)、转化型滤泡性淋巴瘤(tFL)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、边缘区淋巴瘤(MZL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、伴或不伴并发 CLL 的 Richter 转化、Burkitt 淋巴瘤。 * 接受过两线或以上治疗后复发或难治性疾病(MCL 除外,为一线或以上),包括利妥昔单抗和其他抗 CD20 抗体、BTK 抑制剂(仅套细胞淋巴瘤)和蒽环类药物(特别针对 DLBCL、PMBCL、tFL 和 Burkitt 淋巴瘤)。 * 根据 Lugano 2014 标准评估淋巴瘤 FDG-PET/CT 的可测量病灶 [2]。既往接受过放疗的病灶只有在放疗完成后记录到进展时才被视为可测量。如果唯一可测量的病灶是淋巴结病灶,至少 1 个淋巴结应 ≥ 1.5 cm。 * 在可获得的最新活检样本上(根据机构指南通过 IHC 或流式检测),三种靶抗原中需有两种表达。我们将分析最近一次复发或难治性疾病状态时的肿瘤样本(6 个月内的存档样本)以检测抗原表达。或者,如果存档材料不可用,将获取新的活检样本。 * 允许既往接受过 Auto CAR T(洗脱期 3 个月) * 允许既往接受过 ASCT,如果已停用免疫抑制且无临床显著(超过 1 级)GVHD,则允许既往接受过 AlloSCT * 允许既往接受过 Allo CAR T(洗脱期 1 个月,允许血液学参数) * 允许既往接受过双特异性 T 细胞衔接器(BiTE)(洗脱期 3 个月) * 在受试者计划进行白细胞分离时,距任何既往全身治疗必须至少已过 2 周或 5 个半衰期(以较短者为准),但全身性抑制性/刺激性免疫检查点(ICP)治疗和抗 CD20 mAb 治疗除外 * 在受试者计划进行白细胞分离时,距任何既往全身性抑制性/刺激性 ICP 或抗 CD20 mAb 治疗必须至少已过 3 个半衰期 * ECOG 0 或 1 * 可接受的器官和骨髓功能(允许根据机构标准进行支持治疗,即非格司亭、输血)超声心动图(ECHO)或多门控放射性核素血管造影(MUGA)测定的心脏射血分数(EF)大于或等于 45% 室内空气中静息 O2 饱和度 >90% 总胆红素 ≤ 1.5 mg/dL,Gilbert 综合征患者除外 Gilbert 综合征患者总胆红素 ≤ 3.0 mg/dL 血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)/天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)< 年龄正常值上限(ULN)的 5 倍 * 肌酐清除率(通过直接尿液收集或非种族 CKD-EPI 公式估算)> 30 mL/min * 受试者必须具有以下血液学功能参数: 中性粒细胞绝对计数(ANC)> 1000/µL 淋巴细胞绝对计数 > 100/µL 血小板 > 50,000/µL * 预计生存期超过3个月,且不依赖于原发疾病 * 有生育能力或使他人受孕能力的受试者必须愿意从入组本研究时起至研究随访期结束期间使用研究规定的高效避孕方法。研究规定的高效避孕方法为:皮下埋植剂、左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统、醋酸甲羟孕酮长效注射剂、输卵管绝育术、仅与已行输精管切除术的男性伴侣发生性行为(输精管切除术必须通过两次精液分析阴性确认),以及抑制排卵的孕激素。 排除标准: * 无法提供知情同意 * 已知有人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染史或活动性乙型肝炎(HBsAg阳性),如有接受过治疗的乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎病史,病毒载量必须为聚合酶链反应(PCR)阴性;如HBsAg阴性且抗-HBc阳性,则需要进行抗病毒二级预防 * 已知有丙型肝炎病毒(抗-HCV阳性)感染史,除非定量PCR和/或核酸检测显示病毒载量检测不到 * 已知有活动性癫痫病史,或存在癫痫发作活动,或在过去12个月内正在使用抗癫痫药物 * 已知有自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病病史或存在此类疾病,如多发性硬化、视神经炎或其他免疫性或炎症性疾病 * 存在活动性中枢神经系统疾病,经研究者判断可能损害神经毒性评估能力 * 活动性全身性真菌、病毒或细菌感染 * 妊娠或哺乳期女性 * 既往或并发恶性肿瘤,但以下情况除外: 经充分治疗的基底细胞癌或鳞状细胞癌(研究入组前需要伤口充分愈合)宫颈或乳腺原位癌,经治愈性治疗且研究前至少2年无复发证据 经充分治疗的乳腺癌或前列腺癌,正在接受激素维持治疗如Lupron或他莫昔芬,且临床缓解≥2年 已完全切除/以治愈性目的治疗且完全缓解≥2年的原发性恶性肿瘤 需要全身性免疫抑制或全身性疾病修饰剂(相当于泼尼松每日>10 mg)治疗的非神经系统自身免疫性疾病史(如克罗恩病、类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮),且在过去2年内有此类需求 * 需要长期使用相当于泼尼松>10 mg/天的全身性皮质类固醇的医学状况 * 入组前6个月内有心肌梗死、心脏血管成形术或支架植入术、不稳定型心绞痛或其他临床显著心脏病史 * 同时进行放疗(允许至淋巴细胞清除前的正常组织保护性姑息性放疗)。 * 对于全身治疗,在计划白细胞分离时,必须已至少经过2周或5个半衰期,以较短者为准。 * 基线痴呆会干扰治疗或监测,通过基线时的免疫效应细胞相关脑病(ICE)评估确定。 * 对本研究中所使用的任何药物有严重速发型超敏反应史 * 临床怀疑中枢神经系统(CNS)淋巴瘤 * 如果受试者有CNS疾病史,则他/她必须无活动性CNS疾病的体征或症状,磁共振成像(MRI)上无活动性疾病——例如血管源性水肿;稳定的治疗后改变是可接受的。 无论白细胞(WBC)计数如何,脑脊液(CSF)细胞离心涂片制备和流式细胞术均不得存在任何类型的恶性细胞 * 在脑血管意外(CVA)的情况下,CVA事件必须发生在白细胞分离前>12个月,任何神经功能缺损必须稳定 * ECOG 2或更高(除非由淋巴瘤诊断所致) * 因移植物抗宿主病治疗或预防而正在进行的免疫抑制(允许既往异基因干细胞移植) * 对研究中使用的任何药物(包括氟达拉滨和环磷酰胺)有严重超敏反应史或禁忌症。 * 不同意从知情同意时至CAR19.20.22输注后6个月期间采取高效避孕措施的男性和女性受试者 * 根据研究者的判断,受试者不太可能完成所有研究特定的访视或程序,包括随访访视,或遵守参与研究的要求
Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Histologically confirmed relapsed/refractory B cell Lymphoma. Histologies allowed: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBCL), Follicular Lymphoma (FL), transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Richter's transformation with or without concurrent CLL, Burkitt's lymphoma. * Relapsed or Refractory disease after two lines or more of therapy (except one or more line for MCL) including rituximab and other anti-CD20 antibodies, BTK inhibitors (Mantle Cell Lymphoma only), and anthracycline (specifically for DLBCL, PMBCL, tFL, and Burkitt's lymphoma). * Measurable disease according to Lugano 2014 criteria for assessing FDG-PET/CT in lymphoma \[2\]. Lesions that have been previously irradiated will be considered measurable only if progression has been documented following completion of radiation therapy. If the only measurable disease is lymph node disease, at least 1 lymph node should be ≥ 1.5 cm. * Two out of three target antigen expression required (IHC or flow per institutional guidelines) on the most recent biopsy available. We will analyze a tumor sample from the most recent relapse or development of refractory disease state (archival sample within \<6 months) for antigen expression. Alternatively, a new biopsy will be obtained in case archival material is not available. * Prior Auto CAR T permitted (washout 3 months) * Prior ASCT is permitted and prior AlloSCT is permitted if off immunosuppression and no clinically significant (more than grade 1) GVHD * Prior Allo CAR T permitted (washout 1 month, permitting hematologic parameters) * Prior Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) permitted (washout 3 months) * At least 2 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed since any prior systemic therapy at the time the subject is planned for leukapheresis, except for systemic inhibitory/stimulatory immune checkpoint (ICP) therapy and anti-CD20 mAb therapy * At least 3 half-lives must have elapsed after any prior systemic inhibitory/stimulatory ICP or anti-CD20 mAb therapy at the time the subject is planned for leukapheresis * ECOG 0 or 1 * Acceptable Organ and Marrow Function (supportive care is allowed per institutional standards, i.e. filgrastim, transfusion) Cardiac ejection fraction (EF) greater than or equal to 45% as determined by an echocardiogram (ECHO) or Multigated Radionuclide Angiography (MUGA) Resting O2 saturation \>90% on room air Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL except in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome Total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 mg/dL in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) / aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \<5 times the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for age * A creatinine clearance (as estimated by direct urine collection or the non-racial CKD-EPI equation) \> 30 mL/min * Subjects must have the following hematologic function parameters: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/µL Absolute Lymphocyte Count \> 100/µL Platelets \> 50,000/µL * Estimated life expectancy of more than 3 months independent from primary disease * Subjects of child-bearing or child-fathering potential must be willing to use study-defined highly-effective methods birth control from the time of enrollment on this study through the study follow-up period Study-defined highly-effective methods of birth control are implants, levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine systems, medroxyprogesterone acetate depot, tubal sterilization, sexual intercourse with a vasectomised male partner only (vasectomy must be confirmed by two negative semen analyses), and ovulation inhibitory progesterone. Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to give informed consent * Known history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B (HBsAg positive), If there is a history of treated hepatitis B or hepatitis C, the viral load must be polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative; antiviral secondary prophylaxis is required if HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive * Known history of infection with hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV positive) unless viral load is undetectable per quantitative PCR and/or nucleic acid testing * Known history of active seizure or presence of seizure activities or on active anti-seizure medications within the prior 12 months * Known history or presence of autoimmune CNS disease, such as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis or other immunologic or inflammatory disease * Presence of active CNS disorder that, in the judgment of the investigator, may impair the ability to evaluate neurotoxicity * Active systemic fungal, viral or bacterial infection * Pregnant or breast-feeding woman * Previous or concurrent malignancy with the following exceptions: Adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma (adequate wound healing is required prior to study entry In situ carcinoma of the cervix or breast, treated curatively and without evidence of recurrence for at least 2 years prior to the study Adequately treated breast or prostate carcinoma on hormonal maintenance therapies such as Lupron or tamoxifen and in clinical remission of ≥ 2 years A primary malignancy which has been completely resected / treated with curative intent and in complete remission of ≥ 2 years History of non-neurologic autoimmune disease (e.g. Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) requiring systemic immunosuppressive or systemic disease modifying agents (equivalent to \> 10 mg prednisone daily) within the last 2 years * Medical condition requiring prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids equivalent to Prednisone \>10 mg/day * History of myocardial infarction, cardiac angioplasty or stenting, unstable angina, or other clinically significant cardiac disease within 6 months of enrollment * Concurrent radiotherapy (normal tissue sparing palliative radiotherapy allowed up to time of lymphodepletion). * For systemic therapy, at least 2 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed at the time of scheduled leukapheresis. * Baseline dementia that would interfere with therapy or monitoring, determined using Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) Assessment at baseline. * History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to any of the agents used in this study * Clinical suspicion of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma * If the subject has history of CNS disease, then he/she must Have no signs or symptoms of active CNS disease Have no active disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- e.g. vasogenic edema; stable, post-treatment changes are acceptable. Have no malignant cells of any type present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on cytospin preparation and flow cytometry, regardless of number of white blood cells (WBCs) * In case of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) The CVA event must be \> 12 months prior to leukapheresis Any neurological deficits must be stable * ECOG 2 or higher (unless due to lymphoma diagnosis) * Ongoing immunosuppression for graft versus host disease treatment or prophylaxis (prior allogeneic stem cell transplant permitted) * History of a severe hypersensitivity reaction or contraindication to any of the agents used in the study (including fludarabine and cyclophosphamide). * Subjects of both genders who are not willing to practice highly effective birth control from the time of informed consent through 6 months after the CAR19.20.22infusion * In the investigator's judgment, the subject is unlikely to complete all study-specific visits or procedures, including follow-up visits, or comply with the study requirements for participation
以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v4.0 [Safety and Tolerability] · To evaluate the safety and tolerability of CAR19.20.22 CAR T-cells · From date of enrollment assessed up to 24 months;Efficacy Overall Response Rate in participants · Effect on the disease: Number of patients with clinical responses: Overall Survival (OS); Progression-Free Survival (PFS); Overall Response Rate (ORR) · From date of enrollment assessed up to 24 months;Change in CAR19.20.22 T-cell function assessed by multicolor ELISPOT assay using CD19/CD22 protein targets. · Function will be assessed using in-house multicolor ELISPOT assays performed on leukapheresis product, starting T-cells, final CAR T-cell product, and post-infusion blood samples.
To evaluate the functionality of the CAR T-cells over time using our in-house developed multicolor enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays using beads covered with CD19 and CD22 recombinant proteins as targets. · From date of enrollment assessed up to 24 months;Persistence of CAR19.20.22 T-cells in peripheral blood measured by qPCR vector copy number and flow cytometry enumeration of CD19 and CD22 CAR-expressing T-cells." · PK/PD persistence will be evaluated using qPCR to quantify vector copy number and flow cytometry to enumerate CD19 and CD22 CAR-expressing T-cells.
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) - In vivo duoCAR T-cell persistence in peripheral blood samples by qPCR to measure vector copy number or Flow Cytometry to enumerate CD19 CAR or CD22 CAR expressing T-cells. · From date of enrollment assessed up to 24 months
次要终点:Incidence of antibodies to CAR19.20.22 T-cells;Cytokine levels in plasma post-infusion;Persistence of CAR19.20.22 T-cells;Phenotype of CAR19.20.22 T-cells;Number of CAR19.20.22 T-cell products manufactured that meet release criteria at Day 8
自体CAR19.20.22 T细胞,0.75 × 10^6 细胞/kg(±20%),在氟达拉滨/环磷酰胺淋巴清除后静脉输注。
自体CAR19.20.22 T细胞,1.0 × 10^6 细胞/kg(±20%),在氟达拉滨/环磷酰胺淋巴清除后静脉输注。
自体CAR19.20.22 T细胞,2.5 × 10^6 细胞/kg(±20%),在氟达拉滨/环磷酰胺淋巴清除后静脉输注。
本研究的目的是用CAR19.20.22 CAR T细胞治疗诊断为复发或难治性阳性B细胞淋巴瘤的患者——该淋巴瘤对2种或以上靶抗原呈阳性。 基于LTG2950、CAR19.20.22三特异性CAR T细胞的临床前特征,研究者提出了以下假设,将在我们的Ia期临床试验中进行检验。研究者假设这些新型CAR T细胞将表现出: * 良好的安全性和耐受性 * 高度的有效性 * 非常好的持久性 * 可接受的耗竭水平
The goal of this study is to treat patients diagnosed with relapsed or refractory positive B cell lymphoma - positive for 2 or more target antigens - with CAR19.20.22 CAR T-cells. Based on the preclinical characteristics of the LTG2950, CAR19.20.22 tri-specific CAR T-cells the Investigators have developed the following hypotheses to be tested in our phase Ia clinical trial. The Investigators hypothesize that these novel CAR T-cells will show: * good safety and tolerability * a high degree of efficacy * very good persistence * an acceptable level of exhaustion
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