决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:Safety and Efficacy of Anti-EBV Autologous TCR-T Cell Injection in Relapsed/Refractory EBV-Positive Lymphoma
这是一项早期 I 期注册临床试验,评估 TCR-T 细胞治疗淋巴瘤、外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:招募中。计划入组 24 例。试验地点:中国 · 上海(共 1 个中心,其中中国 1 个)。登记号:NCT07162012。
不限性别 · ≥ 18 Years 且 ≤ 70 Years
纳入标准: 1. 年龄18至70岁,男女不限。 2. HLA-A位点基因型为11:01。 3. 疾病诊断及状态: 1)组织学或细胞学确诊为EB病毒(EBV)阳性淋巴瘤(肿瘤组织须经原位杂交[ISH]或荧光原位杂交[FISH]证实EBER阳性),且实时定量PCR检测外周血EBV病毒载量>10³ copies/mL。 2)疾病类型包括但不限于:NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(NK/TCL)、外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)及其他类型。 3)复发定义:达到完全缓解(CR)后,原发部位或其他部位出现新病灶。 4)难治性疾病定义(符合以下任一项):接受≥4个疗程标准治疗后未达到部分缓解(PR);接受≥6个疗程治疗后未达到CR;自体造血干细胞移植后未达到CR。若最佳疗效为疾病进展(PD)或因PD停止治疗,则不要求达到最低治疗疗程数。 4. 既往治疗要求: a)复发/难治性PTCL或NK/TCL患者须至少接受过一线既往全身治疗。复发/难治性NK/TCL患者须接受过含门冬酰胺酶的方案(按CA分期系统属于I/II期鼻型NK/TCL的患者,还须接受过放疗)。 5. 可测量疾病:根据2014年淋巴瘤疗效评估标准,至少有一个可测量病灶: 1)淋巴结病灶:增强CT、MRI或PET-CT显示长径>15 mm; 2)结外病灶:长径>10 mm。仅骨髓受累、影像学无可测量病灶的患者,若骨髓活检或流式细胞术显示淋巴瘤细胞≥5%,可视为有可评估病灶。 6. 器官功能充分,定义如下: 1)血液学:中性粒细胞绝对计数≥1×10⁹/L;血红蛋白≥70 g/L;血小板≥50×10⁹/L; 2)肝功能:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)≤正常值上限(ULN)的3倍,总胆红素(TBIL)≤ULN的1.5倍(肝功能异常由基础疾病所致者除外); 3)肾功能:血清肌酐≤ULN的1.5倍; 4)心功能:左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%; 5)凝血功能:纤维蛋白原≥1.0 g/L;活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)≤ULN的1.5倍;凝血酶原时间(PT)≤ULN的1.5倍。 7. 预期生存期>3个月。 8. ECOG体能状态评分<3。 9. 避孕要求: 1)治疗期间不计划妊娠; 2)有生育能力的女性妊娠试验须为阴性,并同意在研究期间及治疗结束后4个月内采取有效避孕措施。 10. 愿意参加研究、能够签署知情同意书、遵守研究方案,并有可用于淋巴细胞采集的外周静脉通路。 排除标准:符合以下任一情况者不得入组: 1. 有其他恶性肿瘤病史,但以下情况除外:皮肤基底细胞癌、皮肤鳞状细胞癌、浅表性膀胱癌、宫颈原位癌、胃肠道黏膜原位癌,或研究者认为可接受的其他恶性肿瘤(须已接受根治性治疗且过去5年内无复发)。 2. 最近一次抗肿瘤治疗(放疗、化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗或局部治疗)结束未满4周,或姑息性放疗结束未满2周。 3. 妊娠或哺乳期女性。 4. 存在严重疾病,如颅内压增高、意识障碍、呼吸衰竭或弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)。 5. 严重器官功能障碍,包括:NYHA IV级心功能、Child-Pugh C级肝功能、肌酐清除率<60 mL/min(按Cockcroft-Gault公式计算),或基线血氧饱和度<92%。 6. 已知活动性感染或筛选结果阳性: 1)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV):HBsAg阳性,或HBcAb阳性且HBV-DNA高于研究中心检测限; 2)丙型肝炎病毒(HCV):HCV抗体阳性且HCV RNA≥ULN; 3)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)或梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性; 4)活动性结核(须通过胸部X线、痰液检查和临床症状排除)或有活动性结核病史; 5)需要全身治疗的严重急性或慢性感染。 7. 活动性中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病(如肿瘤转移、感染或脱髓鞘疾病),包括未经治疗的病灶、影像学显示进展或需要紧急干预的症状,或需要大剂量免疫抑制治疗才能控制的疾病。 8. 筛选前已接受全身糖皮质激素治疗且研究者判断研究期间需要长期全身糖皮质激素治疗(吸入或局部用药除外);或细胞输注前72小时内接受过全身糖皮质激素治疗(吸入或局部用药除外)。 9. 存在移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),定义为≥2级急性GVHD或中重度慢性GVHD,或目前正在接受免疫抑制治疗。 10. 对本研究所需药物或辅料有严重过敏反应史,或对托珠单抗过敏。 11. 研究者认为任何使受试者不适合参加本研究的情况。
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age 18-70 years, male or female.
2. HLA genotype at locus A is 11:01.
3. Disease diagnosis and status:
1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed EBV-positive lymphoma (tumor tissue must be EBER-positive as confirmed by in situ hybridization \[ISH\] or fluorescence in situ hybridization \[FISH\]), with peripheral blood EBV viral load \>10³ copies/mL by quantitative real-time PCR.
2. Disease types include but are not limited to:
NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL); Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL); Other types.
3. Definition of relapse: appearance of new lesions at the primary site or other sites after achieving complete remission (CR).
4. Definition of refractory disease (meeting any of the following):
No partial remission (PR) after ≥4 cycles of standard therapy; No complete remission (CR) after ≥6 cycles of therapy; Failure to achieve CR after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; If best response is progressive disease (PD) or treatment is discontinued due to PD, no minimum cycle requirement applies.
4. Prior treatment requirements:
a) For relapsed/refractory PTCL or NK/TCL, patients must have received at least one prior line of systemic therapy. For relapsed/refractory NK/TCL, patients must have received an asparaginase-containing regimen (patients with stage I/II nasal NK/TCL according to the CA staging system must have also received radiotherapy).
5. Measurable disease: At least one measurable lesion according to the 2014 Lymphoma Response Evaluation Criteria:
1. Nodal lesions: longest diameter \>15 mm on contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, or PET-CT;
2. Extranodal lesions: longest diameter \>10 mm. For patients with bone-marrow-only involvement who have no measurable lesions on imaging, the presence of ≥5% lymphoma cells in bone marrow biopsy or flow cytometry can be considered an evaluable lesion.
6. Adequate organ function, defined as:
1. Hematologic: absolute neutrophil count ≥1×10⁹/L; hemoglobin ≥70 g/L; platelet count ≥50×10⁹/L;
2. Hepatic: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3 × the upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × ULN (except when liver function abnormalities are attributable to the underlying disease);
3. Renal: serum creatinine ≤1.5× ULN;
4. Cardiac: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%;
5. Coagulation: fibrinogen ≥1.0 g/L; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤1.5× ULN; prothrombin time (PT) ≤1.5× ULN.
7. Expected survival \>3 months.
8. ECOG performance status \<3.
9. Contraception requirements:
1. No pregnancy planned during the treatment period;
2. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test and agree to use effective contraception during the study and for 4 months after the end of treatment.
10. Willingness to participate in the study, ability to sign informed consent, comply with the study protocol, and availability of peripheral venous access for lymphocyte collection.
Exclusion Criteria:
Subjects meeting any of the following conditions will not be eligible for enrollment:
1. History of other malignancies, except for:
1. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin;
2. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin;
3. Superficial bladder cancer;
4. Carcinoma in situ of the cervix;
5. Gastrointestinal mucosal carcinoma in situ;
6. Other malignancies considered acceptable by the investigator (must have received curative treatment with no recurrence within the past 5 years).
2. Recent anti-tumor therapy: less than 4 weeks since last anti-cancer therapy (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or local therapy), or less than 2 weeks since palliative radiotherapy.
3. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
4. Presence of severe medical conditions such as intracranial hypertension, impaired consciousness, respiratory failure, or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
5. Severe organ dysfunction, including:
NYHA class IV cardiac function; Child-Pugh class C liver function; Creatinine clearance \<60 mL/min (by Cockcroft-Gault formula); Baseline oxygen saturation \<92%.
6. Known active infections or positive screening results for:
1. Hepatitis B virus (HBV): HBsAg positive, or HBcAb positive with HBV-DNA above the detection limit of the study center;
2. Hepatitis C virus (HCV): HCV antibody positive and HCV RNA ≥ upper limit of normal (ULN);
3. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or Treponema pallidum (syphilis) antibody positive;
4. Active tuberculosis (TB) (must be excluded by chest X-ray, sputum test, and clinical symptoms) or history of active TB;
5. Severe acute or chronic infections requiring systemic treatment.
7. Active central nervous system (CNS) disease (e.g., tumor metastasis, infection, demyelinating disease), including untreated lesions, progressive disease on imaging or symptoms requiring urgent intervention, or requiring high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for control.
8. Receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy prior to screening and judged by the investigator to require long-term systemic corticosteroid treatment during the study (excluding inhaled or topical use); or receiving systemic corticosteroid treatment within 72 hours before cell infusion (excluding inhaled or topical use).
9. Presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), defined as grade ≥2 acute GVHD or moderate/severe chronic GVHD, or current use of immunosuppressive therapy.
10. History of severe allergic reactions to drugs or excipients required in this study, or history of allergy to tocilizumab.
11. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, makes the subject unsuitable for study participation.以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) · To evaluate the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of anti-EBV TCR-T cell injection in subjects with relapsed/refractory EBV-positive HLA-A11:01 lymphoma. · treatment cycle (Day 1 to Day 28);Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) · Determination of the maximum tolerated dose of anti-EBV TCR-T cell injection. · From Day 1 of treatment until the end of the dose-escalation phase;Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) · Determination of the recommended dose for the expansion study based on safety, tolerability, and MTD. · At the completion of the dose-escalation phase
次要终点:Expansion and persistence of EBV TCR-T cells;EBV DNA copies in peripheral blood;Changes in T-cell subsets in peripheral blood;Objective Response Rate (ORR);Duration of Response (DOR);Progression-Free Survival (PFS);Overall Survival (OS)
本研究将评估抗EBV自体TCR-T细胞注射液用于复发或难治性EBV阳性淋巴瘤且HLA-A11:01阳性患者时的安全性和疗效。研究人员将考察安全性、耐受性,以及最大耐受剂量或后续研究的推荐剂量。 研究还将测量输注的TCR-T细胞在体内的扩增和持续情况、血液中EBV DNA水平和T细胞亚群的变化,以及治疗是否显示出早期临床获益。研究人员还将探索治疗是否会引发针对输注细胞的免疫应答。
This study will test whether anti-EBV autologous TCR-T cell injection is safe and effective for patients with relapsed or refractory EBV-positive lymphoma who have HLA-A11:01. Researchers will look at safety, tolerability, and the maximum tolerated dose or recommended dose for future studies. The study will also measure how the infused TCR-T cells expand and persist in the body, changes in EBV DNA levels and T-cell subgroups in the blood, and whether the treatment shows early signs of clinical benefit. Researchers will also explore whether the treatment causes an immune response against the infused cells.
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