决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:Anti-CD7 CAR-T Cells in Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Lymphoma
这是一项 I 期注册临床试验,评估异体 CAR-T 细胞治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:招募中。计划入组 33 例。试验地点:美国 · 费城(共 1 个中心)。登记号:NCT06934382。
不限性别 · ≥ 0 Years 且 ≤ 29 Years
患者必须满足以下所有标准才能入组本研究:
1. 患者(年龄≥18岁)或父母/法定监护人(对于年龄<18岁的患者)必须根据当地IRB和机构要求提供签署的书面知情同意书。
2. 年龄0至29岁。
3. 第二次或以上复发的T-ALL/T-LLy、移植后首次复发或化疗难治性疾病。具体而言:
1. 第二次或以上复发或移植后复发,定义为:
* 经形态学评估骨髓中淋巴母细胞≥5%或第二次记录CR后有髓外疾病证据;或
* 流式细胞术确认第二次CR后T-ALL复发至少0.1%,且该次CR记录为MRD阴性<0.1%;或
* 异基因HSCT后任何可检测到的复发性疾病,流式细胞术确认T-ALL至少0.1%;或
* 活检确认第二次CR后T-LLy复发证据;或
* 异基因移植后任何可检测到的疾病,活检确认T-LLy证据
2. 难治性疾病,定义为:
* 原发性难治性T-ALL或T-LLy,定义为诱导化疗后未能达到CR,根据研究者评估并基于活检或MRD确认的残留T-ALL或T-LLy证据;或
* 复发性难治性疾病,定义为MRD>0.1%或形态学疾病证据或既往达到CR后复发的患者经1个疗程再诱导化疗后残留T-LLy证据 注:具有T细胞优势表型的混合表型急性白血病患者如果满足上述标准可入组。
4. 白血病或T-LLy原始细胞CD7表达记录(定义为流式细胞术或免疫组织化学检测至少90%原始细胞CD7阳性)。
5. 既往或当前有CNS3疾病史的患者,如果CNS疾病对治疗有反应,则符合条件
6. 根据研究者评估符合清髓性预处理和异基因HSCT条件,且由FACT认证移植中心确定有可用供者。
7. Lansky体能状态(知情同意时年龄<16岁)或Karnofsky体能状态(KPS)(知情同意时年龄≥16岁)评分≥50。
8. 有生育潜力的患者必须在筛选时尿妊娠试验或血清妊娠试验阴性。
9. 器官功能充分,定义为:
1. 基于年龄/性别的血清肌酐充分
2. 无ALL肝脏浸润时ALT≤5倍ULN
3. 胆红素≤3倍ULN(按年龄) 注:如果主治研究者认为(或经肝活检确认)异常与ALL肝脏浸润直接相关,则超出此范围的ALT和/或胆红素结果可接受。
4. 必须具有最低水平的肺储备,定义为呼吸困难≤1级且缺氧<3级;如果研究者认为临床适合进行PFTs,则DLCO≥40%(必要时根据贫血校正)。
5. 心脏超声心动图(ECHO)显示左心室缩短分数(LVSF)≥ 30%或左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥ 50%。在无法对LVSF/LVEF进行定量评估的情况下,由心脏病专家声明ECHO显示心室功能定性正常即可。
10. 性活跃且具有生殖潜力的患者必须同意从知情同意至BEAM 201输注后12个月内使用可接受的高效避孕措施。
4.2 排除标准
符合以下任何一条标准的患者将被取消进入研究的资格:
1. 活动性乙型肝炎或活动性丙型肝炎
2. 活动性HTLV感染
3. HIV感染
4. 未控制的、活动的细菌、病毒或真菌感染。
5. 治疗中进展的中枢神经系统疾病,或伴有可能增加中枢神经系统毒性风险的CNS实质病变。
6. 临床活动性CNS功能障碍或已知与既往抗白血病治疗相关的不可逆中枢神经毒性病史。
7. 既往接受过CD7靶向治疗。
8. 筛查完成前2周内接受过放射治疗,但针对CNS疾病的预防性放疗除外。
9. 急性GVHD≥2级且需要全身性免疫抑制(皮质类固醇),或慢性GVHD为轻度、中度或重度且需要全身性免疫抑制(皮质类固醇)。不需要免疫抑制的1级急性GVHD是允许的。
10. 筛查完成前90天内接受过HSCT(或筛查完成前30天内接受过供者淋巴细胞输注,如适用)。
11. 研究者确定的其他任何使患者不适合接受HSCT的情况。
12. 已知原发性免疫缺陷或BM衰竭综合征。
13. 心房颤动/扑动(不包括经医学处理后缓解的孤立性发作)
14. 有临床意义的心包积液
15. 过去12个月内发生心肌梗死
16. 经心率校正的QT间期> 480毫秒
17. NYHA(纽约心脏协会)III级或IV级心功能障碍
18. 患有需要全身性免疫抑制治疗的自身免疫性疾病且无法安全停用3个月的患者。
禁止因与T-ALL/T-LLy无关的诊断而同时使用全身性皮质类固醇,但肾上腺功能不全的生理性皮质类固醇替代治疗除外。
19. 妊娠或哺乳期
Patients must meet all the following criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study:
1. Patients (ages ≥ 18 years) or parent/legal guardians (for patients ages \< 18 years) must provide signed, written informed consent according to local IRB and institutional requirements.
2. Ages 0 to 29 years.
3. T-ALL/T-LLy in second or greater relapse, first relapse post-transplant, or chemotherapy-refractory disease. Specifically:
1. Second or greater relapse or post-transplant relapse, defined as:
* BM with ≥ 5% lymphoblasts by morphologic assessment or evidence of extramedullary disease after second documented CR; OR
* Flow cytometric confirmation of relapsed T-ALL of at least 0.1% after second CR documented to have been MRD negative \< 0.1%; OR
* Any detectable relapsed disease post-allogeneic HSCT with flow cytometric confirmation of T-ALL of at least 0.1%; OR
* Biopsy confirmed evidence of relapsed T-LLy after second CR; OR
* Any detectable disease post-allogeneic transplant with biopsy confirmed evidence of T-LLy
2. Refractory disease, defined as:
* Primary refractory T-ALL or T-LLy, defined as failure to achieve CR after induction chemotherapy, per investigator assessment and based on biopsy-or MRD-confirmed evidence of residual T-ALL or T-LLy; OR
* Relapsed, refractory disease, defined as \> 0.1 % MRD or morphologic evidence of disease or evidence of residual T-LLy after 1 course of re-induction chemotherapy for patients who have relapsed after previously achieving a CR NOTE: Patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia with T cell dominant phenotype may be enrolled if the aforementioned criteria are met.
4. Documentation of CD7 expression on leukemic or T-LLy blasts (defined as at least 90% of blasts positive for CD7 by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry).
5. Patients with prior or current history of CNS3 disease will be eligible if CNS disease is responsive to therapy
6. Eligible for myeloablative conditioning for and allogeneic HSCT based on the investigator's assessment with an available donor identified by a FACT accredited transplant center.
7. Lansky Performance Status (ages \< 16 years at time of consent) or Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (ages ≥ 16 years at time of consent) score of ≥ 50.
8. Patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test at screening.
9. Adequate organ function defined as:
1. Adequate Serum creatinine based on age/gender
2. ALT ≤ 5x ULN in the absence of ALL infiltration of the liver
3. Bilirubin ≤ 3 × ULN for age Note: ALT and/or bilirubin results that exceed this range are acceptable if, in the opinion of the physician-investigator (or as confirmed by liver biopsy), the abnormalities are directly related to ALL infiltration of the liver.
4. Must have a minimum level of pulmonary reserve defined as ≤ Grade 1 dyspnea and \<Grade 3 hypoxia; DLCO ≥40% (corrected for anemia if necessary) if PFTs are clinically appropriate as determined by the investigator.
5. Cardiac echocardiography (ECHO) with left ventricular shortening fraction (LVSF) ≥ 30% or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%. In cases where quantitative assessment of LVSF/LVEF is not possible, a statement by the cardiologist that the ECHO shows qualitatively normal ventricular function will suffice
10. Patients who are sexually active and of reproductive potential must agree to use an acceptable form of highly effective contraception from consent to 12 months after BEAM 201 infusion.
4.2 Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be disqualified from entering the study:
1. Active hepatitis B or active hepatitis C
2. Active HTLV infection
3. HIV infection
4. Uncontrolled, active bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.
5. CNS disease that is progressive on therapy, or with CNS parenchymal lesions that might increase the risk of CNS toxicity.
6. Clinically active CNS dysfunction or known history of irreversible central neurological toxicity related to prior antileukemic therapy.
7. Receipt of prior CD7 targeted therapy.
8. Radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to completion of screening, other than prophylaxis for CNS disease.
9. Acute GVHD that is grade ≥ 2 and requiring systemic immunosuppression (corticosteroids), or chronic GVHD that is mild, moderate, or severe and requiring systemic immunosuppression (corticosteroids). Grade 1 acute GVHD not requiring immunosuppression is allowable.
10. Undergone HSCT within 90 days prior to completion of screening (or donor leukocyte infusion, if received within 30 days prior to completion of screening).
11. Any other condition that would make the patient ineligible for HSCT as determined by the investigator.
12. Known primary immunodeficiency or BM failure syndrome.
13. Atrial fibrillation/flutter (not including isolated episodes that responded to medical management)
14. Clinically significant pericardial effusion
15. Myocardial infarction within the last 12 months
16. QT interval corrected for heart rate \> 480 msec
17. Cardiac dysfunction NYHA (New York Heart Association) III or IV
18. Patients with an autoimmune disorder requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy that cannot be safely withheld for 3 months.
Concurrent use of systemic corticosteroids for diagnoses unrelated to T-ALL/T-LLy is prohibited, with exception of physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy treatment for adrenal insufficiency.
19. Pregnant or breastfeeding以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Determine the Maximum Tolerate Dose of Beam 201 Cells · The Maximum Tolerated Dose will be determined by measuring the incidence of dose limiting toxicities following administration of the product. · 5 years;Frequency of Adverse Events Following Beam-201 administration · Frequency of Adverse events will be measured by evaluating the frequency and severity of treatment related adverse events following administration of Beam-201 Cells · 5 years
次要终点:• Determine the overall response rate following BEAM-201 infusion;Determine depth of response based on MRD for patients with clinical responses following BEAM-201 infusion;Determine the proportion of patients treated with BEAM-201 who are deemed appropriate for stem cell transplant;• Determine duration of response for patients with clinical responses following BEAM 201 infusion;Determine overall survival following BEAM-201 infusion
试验的剂量递增部分将采用标准的“3+3”设计,以确定BEAM-201细胞的推荐最大耐受剂量。剂量递增阶段计划进行三个BEAM-201剂量递增,如有需要,可设一个剂量递减水平。如果在较低剂量(即DL1或DL2)下有足够的临床反应,则申办方和主要研究者可选择放弃进一步剂量递增,并在较低剂量水平进行剂量扩展。
如果剂量递增阶段中至少一个剂量水平被确定是安全的,则试验的剂量扩展阶段将开放入组。
这是一项1期、开放标签研究,旨在评估BEAM-201在R/R T-ALL或T-LLy患者中的安全性和疗效。BEAM-201是一种异体抗CD7 CAR-T疗法。
This will be a Phase 1, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BEAM-201 in patients with R/R T-ALL or T-LLy. BEAM-201 is an allogeneic anti-CD7 CART therapy.
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