决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:Metabolically Fit CD19 CAR T-cell Therapy With CD34 Selection in Patients With CD19+ Relapsed/Refractory NHL, CLL/SLL
这是一项 I/II 期注册临床试验,评估 CD19T 细胞治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:招募中。计划入组 27 例。试验地点:美国 · 查尔斯顿(共 1 个中心)。登记号:NCT05702853。
不限性别 · ≥ 18 Years
纳入标准:
符合研究参与资格的患者必须满足以下所有标准:
1. 疾病相关标准
参与者必须经组织学确诊为以下之一:
1. CD19+侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,包括以下任何亚型
* 弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,非特指型
* DLBCL,生发中心B细胞型(GCB)
* DLBCL,活化B细胞型(ABC)
* 富含T细胞/组织细胞的B细胞淋巴瘤(THRBCL)
* 原发性皮肤DLBCL,腿型
* 血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤
* EBV+ DLBCL,NOS
* 与慢性炎症相关的DLBCL
* HHV8+ DLBCL,NOS
* 伴有MYC和BCL2和/或BCL6重排的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(双打击淋巴瘤)
* 高级别B细胞淋巴瘤,NOS
* 原发性纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤
* 无法分类的B细胞淋巴瘤,具有介于DLBCL和霍奇金淋巴瘤之间的特征,以及具有介于DLBCL和伯基特淋巴瘤之间的特征
* 滤泡性淋巴瘤3B级
* 惰性淋巴瘤(即CLL、MZL、FL、华氏巨球蛋白血症等)转化为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤
* 伯基特淋巴瘤
* 淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病
2. CD19+惰性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,包括以下任何亚型:
* 滤泡性淋巴瘤(1-3A级)
* 边缘区淋巴瘤:包括脾边缘区淋巴瘤、结内边缘区淋巴瘤和黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤
* 华氏巨球蛋白血症
* 结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(有记录的CD19表达)
3. 套细胞淋巴瘤
4. 慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)或小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)
2. 既往治疗标准 既往/合并治疗相关标准(取决于亚型——见下文)
1. 侵袭性淋巴瘤:如果满足以下任一情况,患者符合资格(放疗不计为一线治疗)
* 接受≥2线全身治疗后复发或持续性疾病 或
* 一线全身治疗完成后12个月内难治性疾病或复发 或
* 接受≥1线治疗后难治性疾病或复发,但不适合自体干细胞移植
* 伯基特淋巴瘤患者在≥1线治疗后即符合资格,无论复发时间如何
2. 惰性淋巴瘤:
* 接受≥2线全身治疗后复发或持续性疾病。(单药利妥昔单抗或放疗均不计为一线治疗。)
3. 套细胞淋巴瘤:
* 接受≥1线全身治疗后复发或持续性疾病。单药利妥昔单抗或放疗均不计为一线治疗。
4. 慢性淋巴细胞白血病/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤
* 在≥2线治疗后出现进展或不耐受的证据。以下将符合CLL/SLL的一线治疗标准:
* 全身性化学免疫治疗(例如BR、FCR等),
* BTK抑制剂、BCL-2抑制剂,
* 或PI3激酶抑制剂。
* 单药利妥昔单抗/奥妥珠单抗或放疗不符合一线治疗标准。
3. 临床/实验室标准
1. 参与者必须年满18岁
2. 参与者的ECOG体能状态评分必须为0-2
3. 参与者必须由PI/Co-I确定有足够的护理支持以接受CAR T细胞治疗。
4. 参与者必须通过PET-CT和/或单独CT扫描的横断面成像显示有可测量病灶,最长直径至少1.5 cm,且按照IWG标准在两个垂直维度上可测量。如果CLL参与者在影像学上无可测量病灶,骨髓活检显示骨髓中CLL浸润> 5%将符合入组条件
5. 既往接受过CD19靶向治疗的参与者,必须在完成CD19靶向治疗后进行组织活检,通过流式细胞术或免疫组织化学(IHC)注明CD19表达。CD19表达必须经PI/Co-I判定为充分
6. 器官功能充分
* 骨髓功能如下所示(除非直接归因于骨髓内疾病),在注册前14天内。
* 血小板计数 ≥ 50,000 cells/mm3
* ANC ≥ 750 cells/mm3
* 绝对淋巴细胞计数 ≥ 150 cells/ mm3
* 肝功能如下所示,在注册前14天内。
* 血清胆红素 ≤ 1.5 X ULN,除非归因于Gilbert综合征或溶血或淋巴瘤累及
* 心脏
* 经PI/Co-I判定无临床显著意义的ECG发现
* 肺
* 室内空气中氧饱和度 > 90%
* 肾功能如下所示,在注册前14天内。
* 血清肌酐 ≤ 2 mg/dL或肌酐清除率(按Cockcroft Gault公式估算)≥ 60 mL/min
7. 乙型肝炎病毒感染的参与者必须在注册前14天内病毒载量检测不到并接受抑制治疗,且无HBV相关肝损伤证据。
8. 丙型肝炎感染的参与者必须完成完全根除治疗,无HCV相关损伤证据,且在注册前14天内病毒载量检测不到。
9. 已知人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的参与者必须正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗,且在注册前14天内病毒载量检测不到。
10. 应建议有生育能力的女性在治疗期间避免怀孕,建议男性在治疗期间不要使伴侣怀孕。所有有生育能力的男性和女性在整个研究期间必须采用下文所述的可接受的避孕方法。有生育能力的女性必须在入组前7天内血清或尿液妊娠试验阴性。
11. 女性伴侣有生育能力的男性:建议男性和其伴侣在研究期间使用至少两种有效的避孕方法,如上所述。
12. 参与者能够理解并在进行任何研究相关评估或程序之前自愿签署知情同意书。
排除标准:
符合研究参与资格的参与者不能符合以下任何一项标准:
1. 既往/合并治疗相关标准 关于在白细胞分离术、淋巴细胞清除化疗和CAR T细胞输注前何时应停止淋巴瘤导向治疗的指南在方案中有详细说明。必须计划所有患者均符合这些标准。
2. 临床/实验室标准
1. 怀孕或哺乳期女性。
2. 患有活动性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的参与者。参与者可有方案中所述的活动性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤病史。
3. 有异基因干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病证据的参与者不符合资格,除非仅为1级皮肤受累或不需要全身性免疫抑制。
4. 患有未控制的全身性真菌、细菌或病毒感染(定义为尽管使用了适当的抗生素、抗病毒治疗和/或其他治疗,感染相关体征/症状仍持续无改善)的参与者。
5. 入组前6个月内有卒中或颅内出血史的参与者。根据入组医生的判断,任何会成为评估神经毒性/ICANS主要障碍的中枢神经系统疾病。
6. 除淋巴瘤外有既往恶性肿瘤史的参与者,除非受试者自签署知情同意书起无病生存超过1年。例外情况包括以下:
* 皮肤基底细胞癌
* 皮肤鳞状细胞癌
* 宫颈或乳腺原位癌
* 既往接受过治疗且PSA水平正常的局限性前列腺癌
7. 患有原发性免疫缺陷或有自身免疫性疾病史(如克罗恩病、类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮)且在过去1年内需要全身性免疫抑制/全身性疾病修饰药物的参与者。
8. 入组前28天内接种过活疫苗的参与者。
9. 过去60天内接受过自体干细胞移植、过去90天内接受过异基因干细胞移植或过去180天内接受过CAR T细胞治疗的参与者。
10. 对研究中使用的任何药物有严重速发型超敏反应史的参与者。
11. 参与者患有研究者认为会将患者排除在本研究参与之外的任何其他疾病。
12. 参与者不得有活动性CNS淋巴瘤受累的证据。这包括脑实质、脊髓、脑膜或脑脊液受累。有CNS受累史的患者必须在注册前至少60天通过增强MRI成像和CSF评估记录到缓解。
13. 患者不得有不稳定型心绞痛,或过去6个月内心肌梗死,或符合NYHA CHF III级或IV级的症状
14. 参与者在注册前28天内接种过活疫苗。
15. 参与者有过去60天内接受过自体干细胞移植、过去90天内接受过异基因干细胞移植或过去180天内接受过CAR T细胞治疗的病史。
16. 参与者对研究中使用的任何药物有严重速发型超敏反应史
17. 参与者患有研究者认为会将患者排除在本研究参与之外的任何其他疾病。
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients eligible for study participation must meet all of the following criteria:
1. Disease Related Criteria
Participants must have histologic confirmation of one of the following:
1. CD19+ aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma including any of the following subtypes
* Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, not otherwise specified
* DLBCL, germinal-center B-cell type (GCB)
* DLBCL, activated B-cell type (ABC)
* T-cell histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphomas (THRBCL)
* Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type
* Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
* EBV+ DLBCL, NOS
* DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation
* HHV8+ DLBCL, NOS
* High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement(double hit lymphoma)
* High grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS
* Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
* B-cell Lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma
* Follicular lymphoma grade 3B
* Transformation of indolent lymphoma (i.e. CLL, MZL, FL, Waldenstrom's lymphoma,etc) to -diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
* Burkitt Lymphoma
* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
2. CD19+ indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma including any of the following subtypes:
* Follicular lymphoma (grade 1-3A)
* Marginal zone lymphoma: Including splenic marginal zone lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
* Waldenstrom's Macrogloublinemia
* Nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin lymphoma (with documented CD19 expression)
3. Mantle cell Lymphoma
4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL)
2. Prior Therapy Criteria Prior/Concurrent Therapy Related Criteria (dependent upon subtype - see below)
1. Aggressive lymphoma: patients will qualify if any of the following scenarios are met below (radiation does not count as a line of therapy)
* Relapse or persistent disease after ≥ 2 lines of systemic therapy OR
* Refractory disease or relapse within 12 months of completion of 1st line systemic therapy OR
* Refractory disease or relapse ≥ 1 line of therapy but not a candidate for autologous stem cell transplant
* Patients with Burkitt lymphoma will qualify after ≥ 1 line of therapy regardless of the timing of relapse
2. Indolent lymphoma:
* Relapse or persistent disease after ≥ 2 lines of systemic therapy. (Neither single agent rituximab or radiation qualify as a line of therapy.)
3. Mantle cell lymphoma:
* Relapse or persistent disease after ≥ 1 line of systemic therapy. Neither single agent rituximab or radiation qualify as a line of therapy.
4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
* Evidence of progression or intolerance after ≥ 2 lines of therapy. The following will qualify as a line of therapy for CLL/SLL:
* systemic chemoimmunotherapy (e.g. BR, FCR, etc),
* BTK inhibitor, BCL-2 inhibitor,
* or PI3 Kinase inhibitor.
* Neither single agent rituximab/obinutuzumab or radiation qualify as a line of therapy.
3. Clinical/Laboratory Criteria
1. Participants must be at least 18 years old
2. Participants must have a performance status of 0-2 on the ECOG scale
3. Participants must have adequate caregiving support for CAR T-cell therapy as determined by the PI/Co-I.
4. Participants must have measurable disease on cross section imaging by PET-CT and/or CT scans alone that is at least 1.5 cm in the longest diameter and measurable in two perpendicular dimensions as defined by IWG criteria. If participants with CLL do not have measurable disease on imaging, a bone marrow biopsy showing \> 5% CLL involvement in the bone marrow will qualify for enrollment
5. Participants that have received prior CD19 targeted therapy in the past they must have a tissue biopsy after completion of CD19 targeted therapy noting CD19 expression by either flowcytometry or immunohistochemistry (IHC). CD19 expression must be sufficient per PI/Co-I
6. Adequate organ function
* Bone marrow function as evidenced by the following (unless directly attributable to disease within the bone marrow) within 14 days prior to registration.
* Platelet count ≥ 50,000 cells/mm3
* ANC ≥ 750 cells/mm3
* Absolute lymphocyte count ≥ 150 cells/ mm3
* Hepatic function as evidenced by the following within 14 days prior to registration.
* Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 X ULN unless attributed to Gilbert's syndrome or hemolysis or lymphoma involvement
* Cardiac
* No clinically significant ECG findings per PI/Co-I
* Pulmonary
* Oxygen saturation \> 90% on room air
* Renal function as evidenced by the following within 14 days prior to registration.
* Serum creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dL or creatinine clearance (as estimated by Cockcroft Gault Equation) ≥ 60 mL/min
7. Participants with hepatitis B virus infection must have undetectable viral load and on suppressive therapy within 14 days prior to registration and no evidence of HBV related hepatic damage.
8. Participants with Hepatitis C infection must have complete eradication therapy completed, have no evidence of HCV related damage and have undetectable viral load within 14 days of registration.
9. Participants with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection must be receiving anti- retroviral therapy and have an undetectable viral load test within 14 days prior to registration.
10. WOCBP should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant and men should be advised to not father a child while receiving treatment. All men and women of childbearing potential must use acceptable methods of birth control throughout the study as described below. FCBP must have negative serum or urine pregnancy within 7 days prior to registration.
11. Men with female partners who are of childbearing potential: Recommendations for male and partner to use at least two effective contraceptive methods, as described above, during the study.
12. Participants are able to understand and voluntarily sign consent prior to any study related assessments or procedures are performed.
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants eligible for study participation CANNOT meet any of the following criteria:
1. Prior/Concurrent Therapy Related Criteria Guidelines regarding when lymphoma directed therapy should be stopped prior to leukapheresis, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, and CAR T-cell infusion are detailed in the protocol. These criteria must be planned to be met for all patients.
2. Clinical/Laboratory Criteria
1. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
2. Participants with active CNS lymphoma. Participants can have a history of active CNS lymphoma as outline in protocol
3. Participants with evidence of Graft vs Host Disease from allogeneic stem cell transplant are ineligible unless it is either grade 1 involvement of the skin or not requiring systemic immunosuppression.
4. Participants with uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial or viral infection (defined as ongoing signs/symptoms related the infection without improvement despite appropriate antibiotics, antiviral therapy and/or other treatment)
5. Participants with a history of stroke or intracranial hemorrhage within 6 months prior to registration. Any CNS disorder that would serve as a major barrier in evaluating neurotoxicity/ICANS per enrolling physician
6. Participants with prior history of malignancy other than lymphoma unless subject is free of disease for more than 1 year from signing consent. Exceptions include the following:
* Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
* Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
* Carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast
* Previously treated localized prostate cancer with normal PSA levels
7. Participants with primary immunodeficiency or history of autoimmune disease (e.g. Crohn's, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus) requiring systemic immunosuppression/systemic disease modifying agents within the last 1 year.
8. Participants with receipt of live vaccine within 28 days prior to registration.
9. Participants with history of autologous stem cell transplant within the last 60 days or allogeneic stem cell transplant within the last 90 days or CAR T-cell therapy within the last 180 days.
10. Participants with a history of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to any of the agents used in the study
11. Participants with any other illness that in the opinion of the investigator, would exclude the patient from participating in this study.
12. Participants must not have evidence of active CNS lymphoma involvement. This includes parenchymal, spinal cord, meningeal, or cerebrospinal fluid involvement. Patients with history of CNS involvement must have documented remission by contrast-enhanced MRI imaging and CSF evaluation for at least 60 days prior to registration.
13. Patients must not have any unstable angina, or myocardial infarction within the last 6 months, or symptoms consistent with NYHA CHF classification III or IV
14. Participants with receipt of live vaccine within 28 days prior to registration.
15. Participants with history of autologous stem cell transplant within the last 60 days or allogeneic stem cell transplant within the last 90 days or CAR T-cell therapy within the last 180days.
16. Participants with a history of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to any of the agents used in the study
17. Participants with any other illness that in the opinion of the investigator, would exclude the patient from participating in this study.以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:MTD/MAD/RP2D evaluation · Maximum tolerated dose (MTD), maximum administered dose (MAD) and the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of CD19-CD34t metabolically programmed CAR T-cells · 12 months;CRS occurrence evaluation · Rate of grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome(CRS) · Duration of study, up to 24 months;ICANS occurrence evaluation · rate of grade 3 or higher immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) · Duration of study, up to 24 months
次要终点:Overall response and complete remission rate;Progression free survival, duration of response, overall survival evaluations;ORR and CR evaluation at the RP2D;PFS, DOR and OS evaluation at the RP2D;Safety evaluation at the RP2D
1 x 10^6 转导 T 细胞/kg(± 20%)
1.5 x 10^6 转导 T 细胞/kg(± 20%)
2 x 10^6 转导 T 细胞/kg(± 20%)
这是一项单中心、非随机、开放标签的剂量递增研究,随后进行剂量扩展,研究对象为CD19- CD34t代谢编程CAR T细胞疗法,用于治疗复发或难治性CD19 B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)或慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)的成年患者。
This is a single-center, nonrandomized, open-label dose-escalation study followed by dose-expansion of CD19- CD34t metabolically programmed CAR T-cell therapy in adult patients with relapsed or refractory CD19 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).
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