决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:Iomab-ACT: A Pilot Study of 131-I Apamistamab Followed by CD19-Targeted CAR T-Cell Therapy for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
这是一项早期 I 期注册临床试验,评估 CAR-T 细胞治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:招募中。计划入组 12 例。试验地点:美国 · 巴斯金里奇、米德尔敦、蒙特维尔、科马克(共 7 个中心)。登记号:NCT04512716。
不限性别 · ≥ 18 Years
复发/难治性B-ALL或DLBCL患者可参加。难治定义为未达到至少部分缓解,或末次治疗后6个月内疾病进展;初始应答后再次进展定义为复发。 入选标准 • 白细胞单采资格:CD19阳性复发/难治B细胞恶性肿瘤。接受131-I apamistamab预处理及19-28z CAR-T治疗者,除单采标准外,须在CAR-T输注前评估时有可检测的残留恶性肿瘤,无论单采后接受何种治疗。 • DLBCL患者:新发DLBCL、惰性淋巴瘤(滤泡性淋巴瘤或CLL/Richter转化)所致DLBCL,或高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(HGBL),须在诊断后接受≥2种既往化学免疫治疗方案后复发/难治并需进一步治疗;至少一项方案须含蒽环类和抗CD20治疗。Richter综合征患者接受≥1种此类化学免疫方案后即可,不要求第二线。须至少有一个FDG摄取阳性(PET阳性)可测量病灶,且活检证实复发/难治。若入组前6周内已接受针对确诊复发/难治疾病的治疗且符合上述条件,筛查A前无需重新证实活动性疾病即可单采;但筛查B时须有可检测残留恶性病灶,方可接受131-I apamistamab及CAR-T治疗。 • B-ALL患者:包括B细胞ALL、B淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤或处于淋巴母细胞危象的CML。Ph阴性B-ALL须至少一线多药化疗难治,或至少一线含诱导和巩固治疗的多药系统化疗后复发。Ph阳性ALL或淋巴母细胞危象CML须在二代或三代TKI治疗后仍有持续疾病。须骨髓受累≥5%和/或至少一个FDG-PET阳性可测量髓外病灶。符合上述条件者若入组前6周内接受过复发/难治疾病治疗,筛查A前可不重新证实活动性疾病以进行单采;但筛查B时须有可检测残留病灶方可接受研究治疗。 • 既往抗CD19治疗(包括CAR-T)不排除,但入组前须以免疫组化或流式证实CD19表达。 • 年龄≥18岁。 • Cockcroft-Gault肌酐清除率≥50 mL/min。 • 直接胆红素≤2.0 mg/dL,AST/ALT≤ULN的3倍;研究者认为肝功能异常由基础恶性肿瘤所致者除外。 • 室内空气脉搏血氧饱和度≥92%。 • 骨髓功能充分;过去7天未接受血制品或G-CSF支持,研究者认为血细胞减少由基础恶性肿瘤导致者除外:ANC≥0.5×10³/μL、血小板≥30×10³/μL、血红蛋白≥7 g/dL。 • ECOG体能状态0至2。 排除标准 • ECOG≥3。 • 妊娠或哺乳;有生育能力者须在研究期间及全部治疗结束后1年内采取有效避孕。 • 筛查超声心动图或MUGA显示LVEF<40%。 • 异基因造血细胞移植后有活动性GVHD且需全身T细胞抑制治疗。 • 活动性自身免疫病且需全身T细胞抑制治疗。 • 以下心脏情况:NYHA III/IV级心衰;入组前≤6个月心肌梗死;有临床显著室性心律失常史或无法解释的晕厥(不认为由血管迷走反射或脱水所致);严重非缺血性心肌病史且LVEF≤20%。 • HIV、乙肝或丙肝当前或既往检测阳性,但以下情况除外:既往乙肝疫苗接种者若HBsAg阴性、抗HBc阴性且抗HBs阳性可入组;HCV抗体或乙肝核心抗体阳性者,如PCR病毒血症不可检出且器官功能符合方案要求,可入组。 • 未控制的全身性真菌、细菌、病毒或其他感染。 • 合并活动性恶性肿瘤且需任何治疗(观察或激素治疗除外);皮肤鳞癌和基底细胞癌除外。 • 有癫痫、全身性惊厥、严重脑损伤等临床显著神经系统疾病史或现症。 • 研究者认为会使患者不适合参加研究的其他情况。 • 初筛发现针对BC8的人抗鼠抗体阳性(见附录III)。 131-I apamistamab输注前资格:输注前须再次符合方案规定的体能状态和器官功能,且未出现排除条件;治疗筛查见第9.2节。
Patients with B-ALL or DLBCL (or subtypes thereof) who have relapsed or refractory disease will be eligible. Refractory disease is defined by failure to achieve at least a partial response or disease progression within 6 months of the last therapy. Patients who initially respond but subsequently demonstrate disease progression are considered to have relapsed disease
Participant Inclusion Criteria:
\- To be eligible for leukapheresis, patients must have a CD19+ B-cell malignancy with relapsed or refractory disease, defined below. To be eligible for 131-I apamistamab conditioning and treatment with 19-28z CAR T-cells, patients must additionally have detectable evidence of residual malignancy at the time of assessment prior to CAR T-cell infusion (as defined below), regardless of therapy administered following leukapheresis.
a. Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (de novo or DLBCL transformed from an indolent lymphoma (follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia \[Richter syndrome\]) or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL): ("DLBCL patients") i. Defined as relapsed or refractory DLBCL or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) following 2 or more prior chemoimmunotherapy regimens (with at least one course including an anthracycline and CD20-directed therapy) following diagnosis of de novo DLBCL/HGBL or DLBCL arising from indolent lymphoma, and requiring further treatment. Exception: patients with Richter syndrome (DLBCL arising from CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma) are eligible following 1 or more prior chemoimmunotherapy regimens (with at least one course including an anthracycline and CD20-directed therapy) and do not require a second course of chemoimmunotherapy to be eligible.
ii. Patients must have at least one FDG-avid (PET-avid) measurable lesion iii. Biopsy confirmation of relapsed of refractory DLBCL is required iv. For patients who have received treatment for confirmed relapsed or refractory disease otherwise meeting criteria a.i.-a.iii. as above, within 6 weeks of study enrollment, active disease does not need to be re-confirmed or present immediately prior to Screening A for the patient to be eligible for leukapheresis. However, detectable evidence of residual malignancy must be present at Screening B in order for the patient to be eligible for 131-I apamistamab and CAR T-cell therapy.
b. Patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or B lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis: ("B-ALL patients") i. Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell ALL must have been refractory to at least 1 line of multi-agent chemotherapy or relapsed following at least 1 prior multiagent systemic chemotherapy regimen that included induction and consolidation therapy ii. Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL or CML in lymphoid blast crisis must have exhibited persistent disease following therapy with a second- or third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor iii. Patients must have ≥5% bone marrow involvement and/or at least one FDG-avid (PET-avid) measurable extramedullary lesion iv. For patients who have received treatment for confirmed relapsed or refractory disease otherwise meeting criteria b.i.-b.iii. as above, within 6 weeks of study enrollment, active disease does not need to be re-confirmed or present immediately prior to Screening A for the patient to be eligible for leukapheresis. However, detectable evidence of residual malignancy must be present at Screening B in order for the patient to be eligible for 131-I apamistamab and CAR T-cell therapy.
* While prior CD19-targeted therapies, including CAR T-cell therapy, do not exclude participation, CD19 expression by immunohistochemical staining or flow cytometry must be confirmed prior to enrollment.
* Age ≥ 18 years of age
* Creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min as calculated by the Cockroft-Gault formula
* Direct bilirubin ≤2.0 mg/dL, AST and ALT ≤3.0x upper limit of normal (ULN), unless liver dysfunction is thought to be related to underlying malignancy
* Adequate pulmonary function as assessed by ≥92% oxygen saturation on room air by pulse oximetry.
* Adequate bone marrow function meeting the following criteria as defined below, without requiring blood product or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support in the past 7 days, unless cytopenias are attributed to underlying malignancy in the opinion of the investigator:
1. Absolute neutrophil count ≥0.5k/µL,
2. Platelets ≥30k/µL,
3. Hemoglobin ≥7g/dL.
* ECOG performance status 0-2.
Participant Exclusion Criteria:
* ECOG performance status ≥3.
* Pregnant or lactating patients. Patients of childbearing age should use effective contraception while on this study and continue for 1 year after all treatment is finished.
* Impaired cardiac function (LVEF \<40%) as assessed by echocardiogram or MUGA scan during screening
* Patients with active graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation requiring systemic T-cell suppressive therapy are ineligible
* Patients with active autoimmune disease requiring systemic T-cell suppressive therapy are ineligible
* Patients with following cardiac conditions will be excluded:
1. New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage III or IV congestive heart failure
2. Myocardial infarction ≤6 months prior to enrollment
3. Any history of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia or unexplained syncope, not believed to be vasovagal in nature or due to dehydration
4. Any history of severe non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF ≤20%
* Have current or prior positive test results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV), with the following exceptions:
1. Subjects who have positive HBV test results due to having been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B, as evidenced by negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), negative anti- hepatitis B core protein (HBc) and positive antibody to the HBsAg (anti-HBs) are not excluded.
2. Subjects who have antibodies to HCV or who have hepatitis B core antibody, with undetectable viremia by PCR, and with adequate organ function as defined in the protocol, are not excluded.
* Patients with uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial, viral or other infection are ineligible.
* Patients with any concurrent active malignancies as defined by malignancies requiring any therapy other than expectant observation or hormonal therapy, with the exception of squamous and basal cell carcinoma of skin.
* Patients with history or presence of clinically significant neurological disorders such as epilepsy, generalized seizure disorder, severe brain injuries are ineligible.
* Any other issue which, in the opinion of the treating physician, would make the patient ineligible for the study.
* Patients with circulating human anti-mouse antibodies to BC8 noted on initial screening (see Appendix III)
Subject Inclusion Criteria for 131-I Apamistamab Infusion Patients should meet performance status and organ function parameters as specified, without known development of an exclusion criterion, prior to proceeding to 131-I apamistamab infusion. See Section 9.2 re: screening for treatment.以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose of 131-I apamistamab, when given in combination with 19-28z CAR T-cells for treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell ALL or DLBCL · To determine the safety and tolerability of a single dose of 131-I apamistamab given prior to 19-28z CAR T-cell infusion in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell ALL or DLBCL. · 30 days after treatment
复发或难治性B细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病或弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者先接受131-I apamistamab,随后输注19-28z CAR-T细胞。
本试点研究在CAR-T细胞输注前给予131-I apamistamab,以评估剂量递增的安全性;如75 mCi剂量超过最大耐受剂量,则评估降至50 mCi的安全性。研究对象为复发或难治性B细胞ALL或DLBCL患者。
This is a pilot study; patients will receive 131-I apamistamab prior to CAR T-cell infusion in order to determine the maximum tolerated dose of 131-I apamistamab is exceeded at 75 mCi, and if so, to assess the safety of a step-down dose of 50 mCi.
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