决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:Cell Therapy for High Risk T-Cell Malignancies Using CD7-Specific CAR Expressed On Autologous T Cells
这是一项 I 期注册临床试验,评估 CAR-T 细胞治疗淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:进行中(不再招募)。计划入组 45 例。试验地点:美国 · 休斯顿(共 2 个中心)。登记号:NCT03690011。
不限性别 · ≤ 75 Years
采集阶段纳入标准: 转诊患者最初将签署同意书,用于采集血液以制备转导后的自体T淋巴细胞(ATL)。此阶段资格如下: 1. 确诊复发或难治性T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)、T细胞急性淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LLy)或T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(T-NHL),包括血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(AITL)、肠病相关T细胞淋巴瘤(EATL)、单形性亲上皮性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤(MEITL)、非特指型外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL-NOS)、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)、成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤、有症状的T细胞幼淋巴细胞白血病、结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、IIB期或以上蕈样肉芽肿/Sezary综合征,或其他皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤;并且: * 适合接受异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT); * 经FACT认证的移植中心已确认合适供者; * 若CD7.CAR治疗达到完全缓解且患者/供者仍适合移植,愿意继续接受移植。 按照NMDP供者评估标准,适合是指“在检索过程中,供者医学状况适宜进入下一步骤——高分辨率或确认性HLA检测,或供者评估”。治疗前研究者将确认适合性(包括以上标准)并记录。 * T-NHL受试者仅在疾病分期提示适合异基因HSCT时符合资格。 2. CD7阳性肿瘤:经CLIA认证的流式细胞术/病理实验室评估,流式细胞术或组织免疫组化显示CD7阳性原始细胞≥20%。 3. 年龄≤75岁。注:研究中最初接受治疗的3名患者须为成人(≥18岁)。 4. 血红蛋白≥7.0(可输血达到)。 5. 预期寿命>12周。 6. 如需采集血液进行单采:肌酐<ULN的1.5倍;AST<ULN的5倍;PT及APTT<ULN的1.5倍。 7. 已向患者/监护人解释知情同意内容,患者/监护人已理解并签署知情同意书,且已获副本。 采集阶段排除标准: 1. 活动性感染且需要抗生素治疗。 2. HIV活动性感染。 3. 有其他癌症史(非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、乳腺原位癌或宫颈原位癌除外),除非该肿瘤已在试验入组前至少2年接受根治性治疗且治疗成功。 治疗阶段纳入标准: 1. 确诊复发或难治性T-ALL、T-LLy或T-NHL,包括AITL、EATL、MEITL、PTCL-NOS、ALCL、成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤、有症状的T细胞幼淋巴细胞白血病、结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、IIB期或以上蕈样肉芽肿/Sezary综合征,或其他皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤;并且适合接受异基因HSCT、经FACT认证移植中心确认有合适供者,且若CD7.CAR治疗达到完全缓解、患者和供者仍适合移植时愿意接受移植。供者适合性按NMDP标准评估,并由研究者在治疗前确认记录。T-NHL受试者仅在疾病分期提示适合异基因HSCT时符合资格。 2. CD7阳性肿瘤:经CLIA认证实验室评估,流式细胞术或组织免疫组化显示CD7阳性原始细胞≥20%。 3. 年龄≤75岁。注:最初接受治疗的3名患者须为成人(≥18岁)。 4. 胆红素<ULN的3倍。 5. AST<ULN的5倍。 6. 估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)≥50 mL/min。 7. 室内空气下脉搏血氧饱和度>90%。 8. Karnofsky或Lansky评分≥60。 9. 既往化疗急性毒性至少在入组前1周恢复。 10. 有性生活的患者须同意在研究期间及研究结束后6个月内采用较有效的避孕方法;男性伴侣应使用避孕套。 11. 已向患者/监护人解释知情同意内容,患者/监护人已理解并签署知情同意书,且已获副本。 治疗阶段排除标准: 1. 当前正在接受任何研究性药物,或过去6周内接受过任何肿瘤疫苗。 2. 对含鼠源蛋白制剂有超敏反应史。 3. 妊娠或哺乳。 4. 肿瘤位于一旦增大可能导致气道阻塞的部位(由研究者酌情判断)。 5. 有临床意义的病毒感染,或EBV、CMV、腺病毒、BK病毒或HHV-6病毒再激活未受控制。 6. 存在以下任一心脏情况:房颤/房扑;过去12个月内心肌梗死;长QT综合征或继发性QT延长(由研究者酌情判断);超声心动图显示左室缩短分数(LVSF)≤30%或LVEF≤50%;或有临床意义的心包积液;NYHA III或IV级心功能障碍。须有治疗前12个月内超声心动图结果证实无上述情况。 7. 中枢神经系统(CNS)异常:存在CNS-3疾病,即脑脊液样本中可检测到原始细胞且白细胞≥5/mm³(除非Steinherz/Bleyer算法判定为阴性);存在任何CNS疾病,如未控制的癫痫、过去12个月内脑血管缺血/出血、痴呆、小脑疾病,或伴CNS受累的任何自身免疫病。
Procurement Inclusion Criteria:
Referred patients will initially be consented for procurement of blood for generation of the transduced ATL. Eligibility criteria at this stage include:
1\. Diagnosis of recurrent or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LLy), or T-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, including Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) NOS, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, T cell prolymphocytic leukemia with symptomatic disease, Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, Mycosis fungoides/ Sezary Syndrome Stage IIB or higher) or other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
AND
1. suitable for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)
2. with a suitable donor identified by a FACT accredited transplant center
3. willing to proceed to transplant if the CD7.CAR treatment induces complete remission and the patient/donor remain suitable candidates
Using NMDP donor assessment criteria, suitability is defined as "during the search process, a donor is medically fit to proceed to the next step- whether high-resolution or confirmatory HLA testing OR donor work-up." Documentation of suitability (including above criteria) will be confirmed by the investigator prior to treatment.
* For T-NHL subjects, eligibility will be confined to disease stages where allogeneic HSCT is indicated.
2\. CD7-positive tumor (≥20% CD7 positive blasts by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry (tissue) assessed by a CLIA certified Flow Cytometry/Pathology laboratory).
3\. Age \</=75 years old.. NOTE: The first three (3) patients treated on the study must be adults (\>/=18 yrs of age).
4\. Hgb ≥ 7.0 (can be transfused)
5\. Life expectancy greater than 12 weeks
6\. If pheresis required to collect blood:
* Cr \< 1.5 upper limit normal
* AST \< 5 × upper limit normal
* PT and APTT \<1.5 × upper limit normal
7\. Informed consent explained to, understood by and signed by patient/guardian. Patient/guardian given copy of informed consent.
Procurement Exclusion Criteria:
1. Active infection requiring antibiotics.
2. Active infection with HIV
3. History of other cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer or in situ breast cancer or cervix cancer) unless the tumor was successfully treated with curative intent at least 2 years before trial entry.
Treatment Inclusion Criteria:
1\. Diagnosis of recurrent or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL),T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LLy), or T-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, including Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) NOS, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, T cell prolymphocytic leukemia with symptomatic disease, Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, Mycosis fungoides/ Sezary Syndrome Stage IIB or higher) or other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
AND
1\) suitable for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) 2) with a suitable donor identified by a FACT accredited transplant center 3) willing to proceed to transplant if the CD7.CAR treatment induces complete remission and the patient/donor remain suitable candidates
Using NMDP donor assessment criteria, suitability is defined as "during the search process, a donor is medically fit to proceed to the next step- whether high-resolution or confirmatory HLA testing OR donor work-up." Documentation of suitability (including above criteria) will be confirmed by the investigator prior to treatment.
* For T-NHL subjects, eligibility will be confined to disease stages where allogeneic HSCT is indicated.
2\. CD7-positive tumor (≥20% CD7+ blasts by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry (tissue) assessed in a CLIA certified Flow Cytometry/Pathology laboratory.
3\. Age \</=75 years old. NOTE: The first three (3) patients treated on the study must be adults (\>/=18 yrs of age).
4\. Bilirubin less than 3 times the upper limit of normal.
5\. AST less than 5 times the upper limit of normal.
6\. Estimated GFR ≥ 50 mL/min.
7\. Pulse oximetry of \> 90% on room air
8\. Karnofsky or Lansky score of ≥ 60.
9\. Recovered from acute toxic effects of prior chemotherapy at least one week before entering this study.
10\. Sexually active patients must be willing to utilize one of the more effective birth control methods during the study and for 6 months after the study is concluded. The male partner should use a condom.
11\. Informed consent explained to, understood by, and signed by patient/guardian. Patient/guardian given copy of informed consent.
Treatment Exclusion Criteria:
1. Currently receiving any investigational agents or having received any tumor vaccines within the previous 6 weeks.
2. History of hypersensitivity reactions to murine protein-containing products.
3. Pregnant or lactating.
4. Tumor in a location where enlargement could cause airway obstruction (per investigator discretion).
5. Clinically significant viral infection or uncontrolled viral reactivation of EBV, CMV, Adv, BK-virus, or HHV-6.
6. Any of the following cardiac criteria: Atrial fibrillation/flutter; Myocardial infarction within the last 12 months; Prolonged QT syndrome or secondary prolonged QT, per investigator discretion. Cardiac echocardiography with LVSF≤30% or LVEF≤50%; or clinically significant pericardial effusion. Cardiac dysfunction NYHA III or IV (Confirmation of absence of these conditions on echocardiogram within 12 months of treatment).
7. CNS abnormalities: Presence of CNS-3 disease defined as detectable cerebrospinal blast cells in a sample of CSF with ≥ 5 WBCs per mm3 (unless negative by the Steinherz/Bleyer algorithm); Presence of any CNS disorder such as an uncontrolled seizure disorder, cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage within the past 12 months, dementia, cerebellar disease, or any autoimmune disease with CNS involvement.以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Number of patients with dose limiting toxicity · To evaluate the safety of escalating doses of autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes (ATLs) genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) targeting the CD7 molecule (CD7.CAR) in combination with lymphodepletion in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell malignancies. · 4 weeks
次要终点:Overall Response Rate
评估4个剂量水平。患者接受环磷酰胺和氟达拉滨淋巴清除化疗后输注T细胞。
符合条件的患者患有一种称为T细胞白血病或淋巴瘤(淋巴腺癌)的血液肿瘤。 人体有多种抵抗感染和疾病的方式。本研究结合两种免疫抗肿瘤方式:抗体和T细胞。抗体是一类保护机体免受细菌及其他疾病侵害的蛋白质。T细胞(T淋巴细胞)是特殊的抗感染血细胞,可杀伤其他细胞,包括肿瘤细胞。抗体和T细胞均曾用于癌症治疗并显示出希望,但目前尚不足以治愈大多数患者。 T细胞可以杀伤肿瘤细胞,但体内通常数量不足以清除全部肿瘤细胞。有研究者从患者血液中采集T细胞,在实验室扩增后再回输。 本研究使用的抗体称为抗CD7抗体。由于T细胞白血病或淋巴瘤细胞表面存在CD7,抗CD7抗体可与这些细胞结合。CD7抗体已用于治疗T细胞白血病和淋巴瘤患者。本研究对抗CD7抗体进行改造,使其不再游离于血液中,而是与T细胞连接。抗体以这种方式连接到T细胞后,称为嵌合受体。 实验室研究还发现,如果加入刺激T细胞的蛋白(如CD28),T细胞的作用会增强。加入CD28可促进细胞生长并延长其在体内的存活时间,从而提高其杀伤白血病或淋巴瘤细胞的机会。 本研究将CD28与CD7嵌合受体连接,并将其导入T细胞,随后评估这些细胞在体内能存活多久。此类表达CD28的CD7嵌合受体T细胞属于研究性产品,尚未获美国食品药品监督管理局批准。
Patients eligible for this study have a type of blood cancer called T-cell leukemia or lymphoma (lymph gland cancer). The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. This study combines two different ways of fighting disease with antibodies and T cells. Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from bacterial and other diseases. T cells, or T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill other cells including tumor cells. Both antibodies and T cells have been used to treat cancer; they have shown promise, but have not been strong enough to cure most patients. T cells can kill tumor cells but there normally are not enough of them to kill all the tumor cells. Some researchers have taken T cells from a person's blood, grown more of them in the laboratory and then given them back to the person. The antibody used in this study is called anti-CD7. This antibody sticks to T-cell leukemia or lymphoma cells because of a substance on the outside of these cells called CD7. CD7 antibodies have been used to treat people with T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. For this study, anti-CD7 has been changed so that instead of floating free in the blood it is now joined to the T cells. When an antibody is joined to a T cell in this way it is called a chimeric receptor. In the laboratory, investigators have also found that T cells work better if they also add proteins that stimulate T cells, such as one called CD28. Adding the CD28 makes the cells grow better and last longer in the body, thus giving the cells a better chance of killing the leukemia or lymphoma cells. In this study, investigators attach the CD7 chimeric receptor with CD28 added to it to T cells. Investigators will then test how long the cells last. These CD7 chimeric receptor T cells with CD28 are investigational products not approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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